12.18 水制模 -- -- 高级
Section outline
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This mightly oak tree looks healthy. But is it?
::这棵橡树看起来很健康,是吗?It is. But oak trees can develop Sudden Oak Death disease, caused by the water mold plant Phytophthora ramorum. This disease has caused devastating losses among the forests of the Northern California and Oregon coasts.
::但橡树可能会发展出由水菌植物Phytophhora Ramorum引起的突然的橡树死亡疾病,这一疾病在北加利福尼亚州和俄勒冈州海岸的森林中造成了毁灭性损失。Class Phycomycota: The Water Molds
::Phycomycota级:水模子Oomycota or oomycetes, which are also known as molds, are a group of filamentous that physically resemble . They are microscopic, absorptive organisms that reproduce both sexually and asexually and are made of a tube-like vegetative body called mycelia , which can be seen in Figure . The name "water mold" refers to their earlier as fungi, which stemmed from their preference for conditions of high humidity and running surface water. They are now known to have evolved separately from fungi and are different from fungi in a number of ways. For instance, their cell walls are composed of cellulose rather than chitin .
::Oomycota或Uomycetes(也称为模子)是一组与丝状物相近的丝状物。它们是微生物、吸收生物体,在性与性之间繁殖,由一种管状植物体组成,叫做“神秘”,图中可以看到。“水模量”的名称是指它们早先的真菌,这是因为它们偏爱高湿度和自来水的条件。现在人们知道,它们与真菌是分开演变的,在许多方面与真菌不同。例如,它们的细胞壁是由纤维素组成,而不是奇廷组成。Instead, water molds are related to organisms such as brown and diatoms , making them heterokonts (Phylum Heterokontophyta). Water molds produce asexual spores, called zoospores , which use surface water (such as rain or dew on plants) for movement . They also produce sexual spores, called oospores , that are double-walled, spherical structures used to survive adverse environmental conditions. A few produce aerial, asexual spores that are distributed by wind.
::相反,水的模子与棕色和diatoms等生物有关,使它们成为异族动物(Phylum Heteronkotophyta),水模子产生一种叫动物园的性昆虫,它们使用地表水(如雨或植物露水)来进行运动,还产生称为oospores的性螺丝,即双壁、球形结构,用来在不利环境条件下生存。The water molds are economically and scientifically important because they are aggressive plant pathogens. Some can cause disease in as well. The majority can be broken down into three groups, although more exist. The Phytophthora group is a genus that causes diseases such as Potato Blight, Sudden Oak Death, and Ink Disease in the American Chestnut tree.
::水模型在经济和科学上都很重要,因为它们是具有侵略性的植物病原体,有些也可以引起疾病。 大部分可以分为三组,尽管更多存在。 植物细胞组是造成美国栗子树中马铃薯、突然橡树死亡和墨水病等疾病的基因组。Oomycetes cause late blight in potato plants. These water molds caused the Great Potato Famine in Ireland between the years of 1845 and 1852.
::1845至1852年间,这些水模在爱尔兰造成大马铃薯饥荒。Summary
::摘要-
Oomycota or oomycetes, which are also known as water molds, are a group of filamentous protists that physically resemble fungi.
::Oomycota 或Umycetes, 也被称为水模, 是一群有丝状的蛋白质学家, 身体上与真菌相似。 -
Water molds are related to organisms such as brown algae and diatoms, making them heterokonts (Phylum Heterokontophyta).
::水模与棕藻和二亚原子等有机体有关,形成异族生物(植物代本生植物)。 -
Water molds produce asexual spores, called zoospores, which use surface water (such as rain or dew on plants) for movement. They also produce sexual spores, called oospores, that are double-walled, spherical structures used to survive adverse environmental conditions. A few produce aerial, asexual spores that are distributed by wind.
::水的模子产生一种性螺旋,称为动物园,它们使用地表水(如雨或植物露水)进行移动,还产生一种性螺旋,即称为食水动物,是双壁的球状结构,用来在不利的环境条件下生存。
Review
::回顾-
Describe the body of a water mold.
::描述一个水模体。 -
What kind of protists are water molds most closely related to?
::水模具与哪类原生体关系最密切? -
What are the differences between the asexual and sexual spores that water molds produce?
::水的模具产生的无性与性传染之间有什么区别? -
Why are water molds important economically?
::为什么水模在经济上很重要?
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Oomycota or oomycetes, which are also known as water molds, are a group of filamentous protists that physically resemble fungi.
