12.20 蘑菇生境 -- -- 高级
Section outline
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What exactly is a ?
::什么是真正的一个?They're not or plants, and they're definitely not . So they cannot photosynthesize or eat. And they are much more than mushrooms .
::它们不是植物,也不是植物,它们绝对不是。所以它们不能光合作用或吃。它们比蘑菇还多。Fungal Habitats
::传信会栖息地Fungi are found all around the world and grow in a wide range of habitats , including deserts. Most grow on land (terrestrial) environments, but several live only in habitats. Most fungi live in either soil or dead matter, and many are symbionts of plants, animals, or other fungi. Fungi, along with that are found in soil, are the primary decomposers of organic matter in . The decomposition of dead organisms returns nutrients to the soil and to the environment.
::蘑菇遍布世界各地,生长在包括沙漠在内的多种生境中,大多数生长在陆地(地球)环境中,但有几种仅生活在生境中,大多数真菌生活在土壤或死物中,许多是植物、动物或其他真菌的共生植物。真菌以及土壤中发现的真菌是有机物的主要分解者。死亡生物的分解使营养物流入土壤和环境。Woods and meadows are the best habitats to find fungi. Over 80% of known fungi are associated with trees; many of these fungi form symbiotic relationships with the tree's . Mycorrhiza is the association between fungi and the roots of trees and other plants. (More about mycorrhiza is discussed in the Fungi: Nutrition (Advanced) concept.) Some fungi are associated with multiple trees, while others are associated with just one type of tree. Soil type is also important. Some fungi are associated with a particular tree, but only where the tree is growing on suitable soil. The most important soil factor is usually whether the soil is acidic or calcareous (chalky).
::森林和草原是找到真菌的最佳栖息地。 80%以上的已知真菌与树木有关; 许多这些真菌与树的共生关系。 Mycorrhiza是真菌与树木和其他植物根部的联系。 (关于米菌和树根和其他植物的联系,在“真菌:营养(高级)”概念中讨论。 某些真菌与多种树有关,而另一些则只与一种树有关。 土壤类型也很重要。 某些真菌与一棵树有关, 但只有在树生长在适当土壤上的情况下。 最重要的土壤因素通常是土壤是酸的还是含胆的。Other fungi, such as the edible field mushroom, prefer open, grassy places to grow. And other fungi prefer animal dung.
::其他的真菌,比如食用田蘑菇,更喜欢开阔的草地生长。而其他的真菌则喜欢动物粪便。Summary
::摘要-
A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant. In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus may colonize the roots of a host plant by either growing directly into the root cells or by growing around the root cells.
::菌菌是真菌和植物根部之间的共生联系。 在菌菌协会中,菌菌可能通过直接生长到根细胞或生长在根细胞周围而使宿主植物根部殖民化。 -
Most fungi live in soil or dead matter, and many are symbionts of plants, animals, or other fungi.
::大多数真菌生活在土壤或死物中,许多是植物、动物或其他真菌的共生植物。 -
Fungi, along with bacteria that are found in soil, are the primary decomposers of organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems.
::菌类以及土壤中发现的细菌是陆地生态系统有机物的主要分解物。
Review
::回顾-
Identify two symbiotic relationships that fungi have with other living organisms.
::确定真菌与其他生物体的共生关系 -
Where can most fungi be found?
::哪里能找到大多数真菌?
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A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant. In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus may colonize the roots of a host plant by either growing directly into the root cells or by growing around the root cells.
