12.1天气与气候
Section outline
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Where in Hawaii do you want to go?
::你想去夏威夷吗?Look at a list of cities with the best climate in the United States. Hawaii is well represented. Now look at a list of cities with the worst climate in the United States. (You know where this is going, don't you?) Yes, Hawaii is also represented. Kona and Hilo are both on the Big Island. Hilo is on the windward side where the trade winds bring in moisture from the Pacific. Kona is on the leeward side, beyond the high volcanic mountains . This city lies within the rain shadow . Guess which city is more popular with tourists?
::看看美国气候最优的城市清单。夏威夷有很好的代表。现在看看美国气候最差的城市清单。 是的,夏威夷也有代表。科纳和希洛都在大岛上。希洛在贸易风从太平洋带来水分的风向一边。科纳在上风一边,在高火山山脉之外。这座城市在雨影中。猜猜哪个城市更受游客欢迎?What is Climate?
::什么是气候?Almost anything can happen with the . Climate, however, is more predictable. Climate is the long-term average of weather in a particular spot. Good climate is why we choose to vacation in Hawaii in February (usually on the leeward side). Of course, the weather is not guaranteed to be good! A location’s climate considers the same characteristics as its weather. These are its air , , wind speed and direction, and the type, quantity, and frequency of . For climate, these things are averaged over time.
::几乎任何事情都可能发生。但气候是更可预测的。气候是特定地点长期平均天气。良好的气候是我们选择2月份在夏威夷度假的原因(通常是向外的一面 ) 。 当然,天气不能保证是好的!一个地点的气候考虑的特征与其天气相同。这些是气候的空气、风速和方向,以及类型、数量和频率。对于气候来说,这些是长期平均的。During the mid- to late-twentieth century, California received an enormous influx of new residents. Many of these people came from the northeastern United States. They were sick of the cold, snow , and rain . Southern California, especially near the coast, has a nearly perfect climate. The average lows and highs in San Diego year round are in the 50s, 60s, and 70s ( Figure ).
::20世纪中叶,加利福尼亚州接待了大批新居民,其中许多人来自美国东北部,他们厌倦了寒冷、积雪和雨雨。 南加州,特别是近岸地区,气候几乎完美无缺。 圣地亚哥一年中的平均低位和高位在50年代、60年代和70年代(见图 ) 。A train route along Mission Bay in San Diego, California. The climate for a particular place is steady. Changes occur only very slowly. Climate is determined by many factors, including the angle of the , the likelihood of cover, and the air pressure . All of these factors are related to the amount of solar energy that hits that over time.
::某个特定地方的气候是稳定的,变化只是非常缓慢地发生。气候是由许多因素决定的,包括角度、覆盖的可能性和空气压力。 所有这些因素都与随着时间推移产生的太阳能量有关。The climate of a region depends on its position relative to many things. These factors are described in the next sections.
::一个区域的气候取决于它相对于许多事物的地位,以下各节将介绍这些因素。Summary
::摘要- Climate is the long-term average of weather.
::气候是长期平均天气。
- Climate changes very slowly.
::气候变化非常缓慢。
- Climate depends on a number of factors such as air temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, and the type, quantity, and frequency of precipitation.
::气候取决于若干因素,如气温、湿度、风速和风向,降水的类型、数量和频率。
Review
::回顾What is climate?
::什么是气候?- Why did California receive a large influx of new residents?
::为什么加利福尼亚州接收了大批新居民?
- How does climate change?
::气候变化如何?
- What factors determine climate?
::哪些因素决定气候?
Explore More
::探索更多Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
::利用以下资源回答以下问题。- What is the difference between weather and climate?
::天气和气候有什么区别?
- Describe a temperate climate.
::描述温带气候。
- Where are arid climates found?
::在哪里发现干旱气候?
- What creates a climate system?
::什么创造了气候系统?
- What drives climate?
::什么驱动气候?
- What do greenhouse gases do?
::温室气体会做什么?
- What are the main greenhouse gases?
::主要温室气体是什么?
- What would Earth be like without the greenhouse effect?
::如果没有温室效应,地球会怎样?
- Climate is the long-term average of weather.
