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    Lesson
    ::经验教训

     

    A split image showing a beach scene with a family and a snowy street in winter.

     

    Do you want to be a Snowbird?
    ::你想当雪鸟吗?

    A Snowbird is usually a person who is retired. Like a migrating bird, they go where the   is good. A snowbird may spend summers "at home" in Michigan or New York. But they travel to Arizona or Florida to spend their winters in the   and warmth. What would a reverse snowbird be? A person who spent summers in the 100+ degree  heat  and winters in the sub-0 cold. Brrrr....
    ::雪鸟通常是一个退休的人。 像迁徙的鸟一样,他们去好的地方。 雪鸟可以在密歇根或纽约度过夏天“ 在家 ” 。 但是他们去亚利桑那州或佛罗里达过冬和温暖。 反向的雪鸟会是什么? 一个在100+度的温度下度过夏季的人和在零度的寒冷下度过冬季的人。 Brrrrr....

    Latitude and Climate
    ::纬度和气候

    Latitude  is the distance north or south of the  equator . It’s measured in degrees, from 0° to 90°. Several  climate  factors vary with latitude.
    ::纬度是赤道以北或以南的距离,以零度至90度的度度度测量,若干气候因素因纬度而异。

    Latitude and Temperature
    ::纬度和温度

     changes with latitude ( Figure   ).
    ::带有纬度变化(图 ) 。

    • At the equator, the Sun’s rays are most direct. This is where temperatures are highest.
      ::在赤道,太阳的射线最直接。 这是温度最高的地方。
    • At higher latitudes, the Sun’s rays are less direct. The farther an area is from the equator, the lower its temperature.
      ::在高纬度地区,太阳的射线不那么直接。 一个区域距离赤道越远,温度就越低。
    • At the poles, the Sun’s rays are least direct. Much of the area is covered with ice and  snow , which reflect a lot of sunlight. Temperatures are lowest here.
      ::在极地,太阳的射线最不直接。 大部分地区都覆盖着冰雪,这反映了许多阳光。 这里的温度最低。

    Global temperature distribution map showing variations based on latitude and geographic features.

     

    Temperature varies with latitude. If you look closely you can see that other factors influence temperature. Mountain ranges, for example, are cooler than they should be for their latitude.
    ::温度随纬度而变化。 如果你仔细看,可以看到其他因素会影响温度。例如,山脉的温度比纬度的温度要冷。

    How Much Does Latitude Change Temperature?
    ::纬度如何改变温度?

    Four locations showing varied climates: urban Austin, Kansas landscape, winter in Fargo, snowy Manitoba.

     

    (a) Austin, Texas; (b) Wichita, Kansas; (c) Fargo, North Dakota; (d) Manitoba, Canada.
    :sada) 得克萨斯州奥斯汀;(b) 堪萨斯州威奇塔;(c) 北达科他州法戈;(d) 加拿大马尼托巴省。

    Map of North America showing four cities along the same longitude: Austin, Wichita, Fargo, Thompson.

     

    Map of North America showing the locations of four cities that lie along the same longitude.
    ::北美地图显示四个城市的位置 位于同一个经度

    Austin, Texas; Wichita, Kansas; Fargo, North Dakota; and Thompson, Manitoba in Canada all roughly lie on the 97° west  longitude  line ( Figure    and  Figure   ). But they run the length of the North America from 30°N in Austin, to 38°N in Wichita, to 47°N in Fargo, and to 56°N in Thompson. Other factors affect their climate, but all four cities are inland.
    ::奥斯汀,得克萨斯州;威奇塔,堪萨斯州;法戈,北达科塔州;和汤普森,加拿大马尼托巴州,马尼托巴州,基本上都位于97度西经线(图和图)上。 但是,他们把北美的长度从奥斯汀的30度一直持续到威奇塔的38度,到威奇塔的47度,到汤普森的56度。其他因素影响着他们的气候,但所有四个城市都是内陆城市。

      July Avg. High July Avg. Low January Avg. High January Avg. Low
    Austin 96 74 62 41
    Wichita 93 70 43 22
    Fargo 82 60 18 0
    Thompson 73 48 -3 -20

    The table above shows the  variation  in high and low temperatures that are due primarily to latitude ( Table   ). Which latitude would you prefer?
    ::上表显示了主要由于纬度造成的高温和低温的变化(表)。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Latitude affects the amount of solar radiation a place receives.
      ::纬度影响一个地方接收到的太阳辐射量。
    • The amount of solar radiation a place receives is greatest at the equator and lessens toward the poles.
      ::一个地方收到的太阳辐射量 在赤道地区最大 向极地的辐射减少
    • Latitude is not the only factor that determines the temperature of a region.
      ::纬度并不是决定一个区域温度的唯一因素。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. How do you explain the variation in temperature from Austin, Texas, to Thompson, Manitoba, Canada?
      ::你如何解释从德克萨斯州的奥斯汀 到加拿大马尼托巴州的汤普森的温度变化?
    1. What are two reasons that solar radiation is different at different latitudes?
      ::太阳辐射在不同纬度有何不同?
    1. Look at the map of temperature versus latitude around the globe. Why are the bands not straight across?
      ::看看全球温度与纬度的分布图。为什么波段不直过?

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    1. What influences does the Sun have on a region's climate?
      ::太阳对区域气候有何影响?
    1. Does the tilt of Earth's axis of rotation influence climate?
      ::地球旋转轴的倾斜是否影响气候?
    1. What is latitude?
      ::什么是纬度?
    1. What is the equator and what is the climate there like?
      ::赤道是什么 那里的气候是怎样的?
    1. What is the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn?
      ::什么是“癌症热带”和“摩托”热带?
    1. What is the climate of the area between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn?
      ::癌症热带与摩尔摩托热带之间的地区气候如何?
    1. What are the middle latitudes? What is the climate like in this region generally?
      ::中间纬度是什么?这个区域的气候一般是什么样的?
    1. Describe the polar regions.
      ::描述极地区域。
    1. What is elevation? How does elevation affect climate?
      ::什么是海拔?海拔如何影响气候?
    1. Besides the amount of precipitation a region gets, what else about precipitation affects climate?
      ::除了一个地区的降水量之外,降水还会影响气候吗?
    1. How do wind and water currents affect climate?
      ::风和水流如何影响气候?