12.4大陆位置对气候的影响
章节大纲
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Is latitude making the difference in weather in these three cities?
::这三座城市的气候是否因纬度而不同?No. These three cities are at the same . They are San Francisco, California; Wichita, Kansas; and Virginia Beach , Virginia. Proximity to the ocean is important. Also important is the direction the winds are blowing at this .
::不,这三个城市是相同的。它们是加利福尼亚的旧金山、堪萨斯的威奇塔和弗吉尼亚的弗吉尼亚海滩。接近海洋是重要的。同样重要的是风吹向的方向。Oceans and Climate
::海洋与气候When a place is near an ocean, the water can have a big effect on the climate .
::当一个地方靠近海洋时,水能对气候产生巨大影响。Coastal and Inland Climates
::和沿海内陆气候Places at the same latitude may have very different climates if one is on a coast and one is inland.
::如果位于海岸和内陆,同一纬度同一地点的气候可能大不相同。- On the coast, the climate is influenced by warm moist air from the ocean. A coastal climate is usually mild. Summers aren’t too hot, and winters aren’t too cold. can be high due to the moisture in the air. This is a maritime climate .
::在沿海,气候受来自海洋的温暖潮湿空气的影响。 沿海气候通常比较温和。 夏天并不热,冬天也不太冷。 由于空气中的湿度,气候可能很高。 这是一个海洋气候。
- Farther inland, the climate is influenced by cold or hot air from the land. This air may be dry, because it comes from over land. An inland climate is usually more extreme. Winters may be very cold, and summers may be very hot. Precipitation can be low. This is a continental climate .
::更远的内陆地区,气候受来自陆地的寒冷或热空气的影响。这种空气可能干燥,因为它来自陆地。内陆气候通常更极端。冬季可能非常寒冷,夏季可能非常热。降温可能很低。这是一个大陆气候。
The Influence of the Ocean
::海洋的影响The ocean has a big effect on climate. This is obvious when you compare the temperatures of these three cities. Each of these cities is located at 37°N latitude, within the westerly winds ( Figure ).
::海洋对气候有很大影响。 当你比较这三个城市的温度时, 这一点很明显。 每个城市都位于北纬37°, 位于西风(图 ) 内 。How does the ocean influence the climate of these three cities? The climate of San Francisco is influenced by the Pacific Ocean. The cool California current comes from the north. Upwelling brings cold water from the deep. So the water offshore is cold. Virginia Beach is near the Atlantic Ocean. But its temperatures are more like Wichita than San Francisco. Why is the climate in Virginia Beach less influenced by the ocean than San Francisco? Hint : Think about the direction the winds are going at that latitude. The in San Francisco comes from over the Pacific Ocean. Much of the weather in Virginia comes from the continent .
::旧金山的气候受到太平洋的影响。 加利福尼亚州冷酷的洋流来自北方。 上升从深海带来冷水。 因此, 岸外的水是冷的。 弗吉尼亚海滩在大西洋附近。 但它的温度比旧金山更像维希塔。 为什么弗吉尼亚海滩的气候受海洋的影响比旧金山要小? 提示: 想想风向在这个纬度的方向。 旧金山的天气来自太平洋上空。 弗吉尼亚大部分天气来自大陆。Ocean Currents and Climate
::洋流和气候Ocean currents carry warm or cold water throughout the world’s oceans. They help to even out the temperatures in the oceans. This also affects the of the atmosphere and the climate around the world. Currents that are near shore have a direct impact on climate. They may make the climate much colder or warmer. Examples of this are pictured below ( Figure ).
::海洋洋流在世界各地的海洋中承载着温暖或冷水,有助于平衡海洋的温度,同时也影响着大气和世界气候。 近岸的洋流对气候有着直接的影响。 它们可能使气候更加寒冷或温暖。 如下图所示(图 ) 。The Gulf Stream moves warm equatorial water up the western Atlantic ocean and into northern Europe. The warm water raises temperatures in the British Isles. Summary
::摘要- A maritime climate is influenced by a nearby ocean. A continental climate is influenced by nearby land.
::海洋气候受附近海洋的影响,大陆气候受附近陆地的影响。
- The temperature of offshore currents affect nearby land areas.
::近海洋流的温度影响附近的陆地地区。
- A maritime climate is less extreme than a continental climate, because the ocean moderates temperatures.
::海洋气候不如大陆气候极端,因为海洋温和。
Review
::回顾- Describe a maritime climate. What location has a maritime climate?
::描述海洋气候 海洋气候在哪个地方?
- Describe a continental climate. What location has a continental climate?
::描述大陆气候 大陆气候在哪个地方?
- San Francisco and Virginia Beach are both near an ocean. Why are their climates so different?
::旧金山和弗吉尼亚海滩都离海洋很近 为什么他们的气候如此不同?
- On the coast, the climate is influenced by warm moist air from the ocean. A coastal climate is usually mild. Summers aren’t too hot, and winters aren’t too cold. can be high due to the moisture in the air. This is a maritime climate .
