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  • 温带气候

    Lesson
    ::经验教训

     

    Photos of grapevines near stone buildings in Tuscany, Italy, and California, USA.

     

    What do these photos have in common? What's different?
    ::这些照片有什么共同点?

    Both photos have grapevines and old looking stone buildings. The   is shining. The photo on the right is in California, where wine has become an enormous business in recent decades. On the left is an ancient village in Tuscany in Italy. These locations both have a  Mediterranean climate , which is good for wine, olive  oil , artichokes, and an tremendous number of other agricultural products.
    ::这两张照片都有葡萄树和古老的石头建筑。照片发光。右边的照片是在加州,在那里葡萄酒在近几十年中成为了巨大的生意。左边是意大利托斯卡尼的一个古老的村庄。这两个地方都有地中海气候,对葡萄酒、橄榄油、椰子和大量其他农产品都有好处。

    Temperate Climates
    ::温度气候

    Temperate climates have moderate temperatures. These climates vary in how much  rain  they get and when the rain falls.
    ::温室气候的温度比较温和。这些气候在降雨量和降雨量方面各不相同。

    Mediterranean Climate
    ::地中海气候

    Mediterranean climates are found on the western coasts of continents. The latitudes are between 30° and 45°. The coast of California has a Mediterranean climate. Temperatures are mild, and rainfall is moderate. Most of the rain falls in the winter, and summers are dry. To make it through the dry summers, short woody plants are common ( Figure   ).
    ::地中海气候分布在各大陆的西海岸,纬度在30度至45度之间。加利福尼亚州海岸有地中海气候。气候温和,降雨量适中。冬季大部分降雨量下降,夏季干燥。为了渡过旱季,短木工厂很常见(图 )。

    A manzanita bush, typical of Mediterranean climates, shown in San Mateo County, California.

     

    A manzanita bush in San Mateo County, California
    ::加利福尼亚州圣马特奥县的曼扎尼塔灌木

    Marine West Coast Climate
    ::海洋西海岸气候

    Marine west coast climates are also found on the western coasts of continents. They occur between 45° and 60°  . The coast of Washington State has this type of  climate . Temperatures are mild, and there’s plenty of rainfall all  year  round. Dense fir forests grow in this climate ( Figure   ).
    ::海洋西海岸气候也存在于各大陆的西海岸,发生于45°至60°之间。 华盛顿州海岸有这种气候。 温和度比较轻,全年降雨量很大。 在这种气候中,森林生长着恒温(图 ) 。

    Dense fir forest in the Hoh Rainforest, Olympic National Park, showcasing lush vegetation.

     

    Hoh rainforest in Olympic National Park, Washington
    ::华盛顿奥林匹克国家公园的霍赫雨林

    Humid Subtropical Climate
    ::湿性亚热带气候

    Humid subtropical climates are found on the eastern sides of continents between about 20° and 40° latitude. The southeastern U.S. has this type of climate. Summers are hot and humid, but winters are chilly. There is moderate rainfall throughout the year. Pine and oak forests grow in this climate ( Figure   ).
    ::湿度亚热带气候存在于大陆东侧约20度至40度的纬度之间,美国东南部有这种气候,夏季炎热潮湿,冬季寒冷,全年降雨量中等,松树和橡树林在这一气候中生长(图)。

    A gravel path winding through a pine and oak forest in Duke Forest, North Carolina.

     

    Duke Forest in Durham, North Carolina
    ::北卡罗来纳州杜勒姆森林

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Different temperate climates are at different latitudes. The latitude a climate depends on where it is on a continent.
      ::不同纬度的温带气候不同,气候的纬度取决于大陆的位置。
    • The Mediterranean climate has wet winters and dry summers.
      ::地中海气候有湿的冬季和干燥的夏季。
    • The marine west coast climate gets lots of rain from the nearby ocean.
      ::西海岸的海洋气候从附近的海洋中 降雨量很大
    • In the humid subtropical climate, summers are wet but winters are very cold.
      ::在湿润的亚热带气候中,夏季湿透,但冬天非常寒冷。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. At what latitudes do these three climate types occur?
      ::这三种气候类型发生在哪个纬度?
    1. What types of plants are found in each of the three climate types above?
      ::在上述三种气候类型中,每个类型都发现了何种植物?
    1. What is difficult about plants trying to survive in a Mediterranean climate? How do they do that?
      ::植物在地中海气候下生存有什么困难?它们是如何做到的?