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  • General

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  • 极地气候

    Marmot, musk ox, and caribou representing animals adapted to polar climates.

     

    What types of animals live here?
    ::这里住着哪种动物?

    The  polar climate  is harsh. Plants are small and low to the ground. What types of animals can live under these conditions? In alpine areas, small mammals that seek protection in   are common. The marmot on the left is an example. Large animals must be prepared to live exposed to frigid cold. Musk ox live in the farthest north parts of North America and Greenland. Additionally, large animals like caribou can migrate to more hospitable places in winter.
    ::极地气候很严酷。植物小,低到地面。什么样的动物可以在这些条件下生活?在高山地区,寻求保护的小型哺乳动物很常见。左边的马默特就是一个例子。大型动物必须准备生活在冷冻的寒冷中。穆斯克牛生活在北美和格陵兰最远的北部。此外,大型动物如驯鹿可以在冬季迁移到更舒适的地方。

    Polar Climates
    ::极地气候

    Polar climates are found near the North and South Poles. They also occur on high  mountains  at lower latitudes. The summers are very cool, and the winters are frigid.   is very low because it’s so cold. The growing season is very short.  Tundra  prefers areas of  permafrost .  Permafrost  is a lower layer of  soil  that is permanently frozen. Tundra also refers to a treeless  plain  with small plants. You can see examples of polar climates pictured below.
    ::在北极和南极附近发现了极地气候,它们也出现在低纬度高山上。夏季非常凉爽,冬季寒冷,因为寒冷。生长季节非常短。通德拉更喜欢永久冻土。永久冻土是一层永久冻结的低层土壤。通德拉也指一个没有树的、有小植物的平原。您可以看到下面的极地气候的例子。

    Polar Tundra
    ::图德拉极

    The  polar tundra   climate  ( Figure   ) occurs near the poles. Tundra climates have permafrost. Permafrost is layer of ground below the surface that is always frozen, even in the summer. Only small plants, such as mosses, can grow in this climate.
    ::极地冻原气候(图示)发生在北极线附近。 苔原气候具有永久冻土。 永久冻土是地表下的一层地层,即使在夏季也总是被冻结。 只有小植物,如苔胱,才能在这种气候中生长。

    View of the polar tundra landscape in Northwest Territories, Canada, showing rocky terrain.

     

    Polar tundra in the Northwest Territories, Canada.
    ::加拿大西北地区极地苔原。

    Alpine Tundra
    ::Alpine Tundra 阿尔卑斯山

    The  alpine tundra  climates ( Figure   ) occurs at high  altitudes  at any  . They are also called highland climates. These regions are very cold because they are so far above  sea level . The alpine tundra climate is very similar to the polar tundra climate.
    ::高山苔原气候(图)发生于任何高空。它们也被称为高地气候。这些地区非常寒冷,因为它们远高于海平面。高山苔原气候与极地苔原气候非常相似。

    Alpine tundra landscape with flowers and snow-capped mountains in Colorado's Rockies.

     

    Alpine Tundra in the Rockies, Colorado.
    ::科罗拉多州洛基山脉的阿尔卑斯山通德拉

    Ice Caps
    ::冰盖

    Ice caps are areas covered with thick ice  year  round. Ice caps are found only in Greenland and Antarctica. Temperatures and precipitation are both very low. What little  snow  falls usually stays on the ground. It doesn’t melt because it’s too cold.
    ::冰盖环年覆盖着厚厚的冰盖。 只有格陵兰和南极地区才有冰盖。 温度和降水都非常低。 什么小雪通常会留在地上。 它不会因为太冷而融化。

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Tundra is land with permafrost, no trees, and small hardy plants.
      ::苔原是带永久冻土的土地,没有树木,还有小的坚硬植物。
    • Permafrost is land with permanently frozen soil.
      ::永久冻土是永久冻土的土地。
    • Tundra is found near the poles and up on high mountains.
      ::苔原在极地附近 高山上被发现

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is permafrost? Where do you think it is found?
      ::永冻土是什么?
    1. What is tundra? Why is tundra found at the polar regions and in the high mountains?
      ::苔原是什么?为什么在极地地区和高山上发现了苔原?
    1. What are ice caps? How does the ice accumulate?
      ::什么是冰盖?