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  • 全球持续变暖的影响

    A sled team travels through snowy trees under a bright blue sky.
     

    “The land is part of me...”
    ::“土地是我的一部分......”

    "The future kind of scares me, just thinking about how we're going to survive." says 18- year  old Harlie Potter, an  Inuit  living in the autonomous area of Nunatsiavut in Newfoundland, Canada.  Today, warming is most noticeable in the polar regions, especially in the Arctic.
    ::18岁的因努伊特人Harlie Potter, 住在加拿大纽芬兰努纳齐亚武特自治区。如今,在极地地区,特别是北极地区,气候变暖最为明显。

    How Will Climate Change in the Future?
    ::未来气候变化将如何发展?

    Earth’s   will keep rising unless  greenhouse gas  emissions are curbed. The temperature in 2100 may be as much as 5° C (9° F) higher than it was in 2000. Is 5° C (9° F) a lot? It's more than the increase in temperature from the the times of maximum ice during the Pleistocene to now. Since the end of the Pleistocene, the temperature has only risen about 4° C. That's just 4° C from abundant ice to the moderate  climate  we have today. How might a 5° C increase in temperature affect Earth in the future?
    ::除非温室气体的排放得到遏制,否则地球将持续上升。2100年的温度可能比2000年高5°C(9°F),2000年的温度可能比2000年高5°C(9°F),5°C(9°F)是经常的吗?这比普列斯底内至今最高冰层时期的温度升高还要多。自普列斯底内地区末期以来,气温仅上升了4°C。从丰富的冰层到今天温和的气候仅上升4°C。未来气温升高5°C会如何影响地球?

    Warming will affect the entire globe by the end of this century. The   in  Figure    shows how much temperatures will change by 2050 based on NOAA’s Coupled Climate 2.1  model .  The Arctic and inland areas are predicted to see a higher temperature increase, while the temperature increase in coastal areas and the Southern Ocean are likely to be more moderate.
    ::到本世纪末,暖化将影响全球。 图中显示到2050年,根据诺阿气候综合模型(NOAA’s coupled Climate 2.1 模型),气温将变化多少。 预计北极和内陆地区的气温将升高,而沿海地区和南大洋的气温上升可能更温和。

    Map showing projected surface air temperature changes by 2050 according to NOAA climate model.
     
    The Arctic will experience the greatest temperature changes.

    What Will Happen?
    ::会发生什么?

    As temperature rises, more sea ice will melt. The figure below shows how much less sea ice there may be in 2050 if temperatures keep going up ( Figure   ). This would cause  sea level  to rise even higher. Some coastal cities could be under  water . Millions of people would have to move inland. How might other living things be affected?
    ::随着气温的上升,更多的海冰将融化。下图显示,如果气温持续上升,2050年海冰可能减少多少(图 ) 。这将导致海平面升高。一些沿海城市可能处于水下。数百万人不得不迁移到内陆。其他生物会受到什么影响?

    Comparison of Arctic sea ice thickness in the 1950s and projected for the 2050s.
     
    In the 2050s, there may be only half as much sea ice as there was in the 1950s.

     will become more extreme.  Heat  waves and droughts will become more frequent and more intense. Areas that previously were humid, like the Amazon  rainforest , will become drier.  Cropland worldwide will be affected by  drought .  Other places may  flood  more frequently as   and other  storms  become more severe.
    ::热浪和干旱将变得更加频繁和更加严重。 以前湿润的地区,如亚马逊雨林,将变得干燥。 世界各地的耕地将受到干旱的影响。 其他地方可能像其他风暴一样更频繁地发生洪水,其他地方也会变得更为严重。

    Plants and animals will move or die out. Some will thrive in a warmer world, but most will not. The  biosphere  may become quite different.
    ::植物和动物会迁移或死亡。有些植物和动物会在更温暖的世界中繁衍,但大多数不会。生物圈可能变得完全不同。

    These are only a few of the impacts warmer temperatures will have. The vast majority of scientists agree that this is what is happening.
    ::绝大多数科学家都认为这是正在发生的事情。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Global temperatures will increase. Some locations like the Arctic and Amazon will experience a greater increase.
      ::全球气温将上升,北极和亚马逊等地的气温将进一步上升。
    • Sea level will rise and some coastal cities may be submerged.
      ::海平面将上升,一些沿海城市可能淹没。
    • Weather will become more extreme. Crops and some plants and animals may not be able to survive the warmer temperatures.
      ::作物和一些植物和动物可能无法在更温暖的温度下存活下来。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Pretend that the temperature today is 5° C (9° F) higher than yesterday. Now consider an increase of 5° C (9° F) in average global temperature. How are these two scenarios different?
      ::假称今天的温度比昨天高5°C( 9°F) 。 现在考虑一下全球平均温度增加5°C( 9°F) 。 这两种情景有什么不同?
    1. Why is a rise in sea level significant?
      ::为什么海平面的上升具有重大意义?
    1. What will plants and animals do as temperature rises?
      ::植物和动物在温度升高时会做什么?

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

     

     

    1. Climate has always been changing. Why is it something to worry about now?
      ::气候总是在变化,为什么现在需要担心呢?
    1. Describe the changes that could be seen if the Earth warms by one degree.
      ::描述一下如果地球温度为1度时可以看到的变化。
    1. Describe the effects of two degrees of warming.
      ::描述两度升温的影响。
    1. What changes will occur with three degrees of warming?
      ::暖化三度会发生什么变化?
    1. Describe the consequences of four degrees of warming.
      ::描述四度升温的后果。