9.11 连接: "说茄子!" 大型相机电话照片

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  连线:"说茄子!" 伟大的相机电话照片

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  One factor that determines how well our photos turn out is the focal length of our camera's lens. Focal length measures the distance between where the light rays converge to form an image, and the sensor or film that will register that image. (It is not the width of the lens.) We know two things from our focal length—how much of the subject can fit in the photo, and how big those subjects will be in the photo ¹ .
  ::确定我们照片效果如何的一个因素是相机镜头的焦距。 焦距测量光线汇合到形成图像的位置, 和记录图像的传感器或胶片之间的距离。 (不是镜头的宽度。 ) 我们从焦点长度知道两件事—— 照片中有多少对象适合照片, 以及照片中这些对象的大小 。

  

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  We usually describe the focal lengths of a camera lens in millimeters, with the standard being around 50mm.  The lower the focal length, the more that can fit in the photo, but the subjects will appear smaller. With a higher focal length, less of a scene will fit in the photo, but what does fit will appear larger. Compare the differences between the photos below that are 28mm, 50mm, 70mm, and 210mm, respectively. 
  ::我们通常用毫米来描述摄像镜头的焦距, 标准值在50毫米左右。 焦距越低, 照片中的焦距越小, 但对象看起来就越小。 如果焦距越高, 照片中的焦距越小, 照片中的焦距越小, 相距越小, 相距越小, 相距越大。 比较以下照片的差别, 分别是28毫米、 50毫米、 70毫米 和 210毫米 。

  

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  Lenses with focal lengths less than 35mm are often referred to as wide-angle lenses, and those with focal lengths greater than 85mm are referred to as telephoto lenses. 
  ::焦距小于35毫米的镜头通常被称为宽角透镜,焦距大于85毫米的镜头则被称为长角透镜。

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  We can determine the the focal length using the Thin Lens Equation 
  ::我们可以用薄镜头方程来决定焦点长度

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  $$\begin{array}{r}\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{u}+\frac{1}{v},\end{array}$$

  
  ::1f=1u+1v,

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  where $\begin{array}{r}f\end{array}$  is the focal length, $\begin{array}{r}u\end{array}$  is the distance from the object being photographed to the lens, and $\begin{array}{r}v\end{array}$  is the distance between the lens and the sensor or the film ¹ .
  ::f 是焦距, u 是被拍照对象与镜头之间的距离, v 是镜头与传感器或电影1 之间的距离。

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  Since smartphones are quite small to begin with, the distance between the lens and the sensor is quite small, often between $\begin{array}{r}\frac{1}{2.3}\end{array}$  and $\begin{array}{r}\frac{1}{3}\end{array}$  inches, which has an effect on the focal length.
  ::由于智能手机一开始很小,镜头和传感器之间的距离很小,往往在12.3至13英寸之间,对焦距有影响。

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  1. Find the focal length on  your camera phone or a camera phone of your choosing. Is the lens a wide-angle, standard, or telephoto lens?
  ::1. 在你的照相机电话或你选择的照相机电话上找到焦距。镜头是宽角、标准或远光镜头吗?

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  2. Use the thin lens equation to determine: How far away do you have to stand from a subject that is 1 meter away? 3 meters away? 10 meters away? (Note the difference between meters and millimeters. Convert to the same unit to use the equation.)
  ::2. 使用薄透镜方程来确定:你必须站在距离1米远的物体上多远?距离3米远?距离10米远? (注意米与毫米之间的差别,转换成使用方程的单位。 )

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  Camera phones are good for interiors, landscapes, and large group photos. 
  ::摄影机电话对室内、风景和大型集体照片都有好处。

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  This video by Adorama discusses how changing the distance between the photographer and the subject affects the photo taken. 
  ::Adorama的这段影片讨论摄影师和摄影师之间距离的改变如何影响照片拍摄。

   

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  References
  ::参考参考资料

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  1. "Focal Length," last edited May 2, 2017,
  ::1. 2017年5月2日 上次编辑的《时长》