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  • 石化如何创造化石

    People searching for fossils in rock layers and brushing soil from a fossil.

     

    How do you find fossils?
    ::你怎么找到化石的?

    In lots of places, you can go on a  field trip  to find  fossils . The fossils are found in   layers. You can break apart the rock layers and find the fossils.
    ::在许多地方,你可以去实地考察寻找化石。化石在层层中发现。你可以拆开岩石层,找到化石。

    What Are Fossils?
    ::什么是化石?

    Fossils are preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past. Most preserved remains are hard parts, such as teeth, bones, or shells. Hard parts are less likely to be destroyed before they can become fossils. Even so, a very tiny percentage of living things become fossils. These types of fossils are called  body fossils  ( Figure   ,  Figure   , and  Figure   ).
    ::化石是保存的遗迹或过去生物的痕迹,大多数被保存的残骸是硬块,如牙齿、骨头或贝壳。硬块在成为化石之前不太可能被销毁。即使如此,非常小一部分活物也变成了化石。这些化石被称为人体化石(图、图和图 ) 。

    A close-up view of a preserved ammonite fossil with spiral shape.

     

    The preserved remains of an ammonite.
    ::被保存的阿莫尼特人的遗骨

    Fossilized remains of an Archaeopteryx, depicting its preserved skeletal structure.

     

    The preserved remains of an Archaeopteryx, a type of dinosaur.
    ::一种恐龙的古代骨质动物的残骸

    Group of preserved trilobites, ancient marine arthropods fossilized in sediment.

     

    A group of preserved trilobites, a variety of ancient marine arthropods.
    ::一组保存的三叶结叶 各种古代海洋节肢动物

    Preserved traces can include footprints, burrows, or even wastes. Examples of these types of fossils, called  trace fossils  are picture below ( Figure    and  Figure   ).
    ::保存的痕迹可能包括脚印、洞穴、甚至废物,这些类型的化石,称为痕迹化石的例子如下(图和图)。

    Dinosaur footprint fossil preserved in rock, showcasing ancient terrestrial life evidence.

     

    The preserved trace of a dinosaur footprint, originally in mud.
    ::恐龙足迹的保存痕迹 最初是泥土

    Preserved dinosaur footprint in rock, showcasing ancient trace fossils.

     

    A preserved trace: burrows made by prehistoric worms.
    ::保存的痕迹: 由史前虫做的洞穴。

    Science Friday: Millions of Fossils Can't be Wrong
    ::科学周五: 数百万化石不可能是错的

    What’s in a tar pit? In this video by  Science  Friday, Dr. John Harris describes how the La Brea Tar Pit has come to accumulate so many fossils.
    ::焦油坑里有什么?在科学周五的这段影片中,约翰·哈里斯博士描述了La Brea Tar Pit是如何聚集这么多化石的。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Fossils are the remains or traces of living organisms.
      ::化石是活生物体的残骸或痕迹。
    • Body fossils are usually hard parts, such as bones, teeth, and shells.
      ::人体化石通常是硬部分,例如骨头、牙齿和贝壳。
    • Trace fossils are the traces of organisms, not parts of them. Trace fossils include footprints, feces, and burrows.
      ::痕迹化石是生物的痕迹,不是其中的一部分。 痕迹化石包括脚印、粪便和洞穴。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Give three examples of body fossils.
      ::举三个人体化石的例子。
    1. Give three examples of trace fossils.
      ::举三个痕量化石的例子。
    1. Why are most fossils of hard-bodied organisms?
      ::为什么大多数硬体生物的化石都是硬体生物?

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    1. What do paleontologists study and what is that thing?
      ::古生物学家研究什么? 那东西是什么?
    1. At least how old are most fossils?
      ::最老的化石都多大了?
    1. What are trace fossils? What are a few examples?
      ::什么是痕迹化石?几个例子是什么?
    1. What can be learned from trace fossils?
      ::从痕迹化石中可以学到什么?
    1. What are mold fossils?
      ::什么是模化石?
    1. How do resin fossils?
      ::树脂化石怎么样?
    1. What are body fossils?
      ::什么是人体化石?
    1. How do body fossils form?
      ::人体化石是如何形成的?
    1. If body fossils form beneath layers of sediment, how do they end up at the surface where they can be found?
      ::如果人体化石在沉积物层之下形成,它们如何最终出现在可以找到它们的表面?