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  • 男性生殖系统生殖系统机构 -- -- 高级

    lesson content

    Would you believe that the male reproductive structures are over 100 feet long?
    ::你相信男性生殖结构 超过100英尺长吗?

    The male reproductive system has two goals: to produce and deliver and to secrete testosterone . Might seem simple. But there are a number of complicated processes and structures - including over 100 feet of tubules - that go into these simple goals.
    ::男性生殖系统有两个目标:生产和交付,以及分泌睾固酮。也许看起来很简单。但许多复杂的过程和结构 — — 包括100英尺以上的管子 — — 都进入了这些简单的目标。

    Male Reproductive Organs
    ::男性生殖器官

    lesson content
    Male Reproductive Structures. Organs of the male reproductive system include the penis, testes, and epididymis. Several ducts and glands are also part of the system. Do you know the reproductive functions of any of these structures?

    Penis, Testes, and Epididymis
    ::Penis、Tests和Epidididimis 笔记本

    The penis is an external genital organ with a long shaft and an enlarged tip. It contains tissues that can fill with and cause an erection, which is stiffening and enlarging of the penis. A duct called the urethra passes through the penis. Sperm pass out of the body through the urethra. (During urination , the urethra carries urine from the bladder .)
    ::阴茎是外外生殖器官,有长轴和大尖,内含能够填充并导致勃起的组织,勃起和膨胀的阴茎。一个称为尿道的管道通过阴茎穿透阴茎。阴茎通过尿道从身体中流出。 (在尿道中,尿道从膀胱中流出尿液。 )

    The testes (singular, testicle) are located in the scrotum , which is a sac of skin between the upper thighs. By hanging away from the body, the testes keep sperm at a temperature lower than normal body temperature. The lower temperature is needed for sperm production.
    ::睾丸(同卵、睾丸)位于阴囊内,阴囊是大腿之间的皮肤囊。睾丸离身体不远,会使精子温度低于正常体温。精子生产需要较低的温度。

    Each testicle contains more than 90 meters of tiny, tightly-packed tubes called seminiferous tubules . They are the functional units of the testes, where sperm are produced and testosterone is secreted. A cross-section of a seminiferous tubule is shown in  Figure  . The tubule is lined with spermatogonia and Sertoli . Spermatogonia are sperm-producing cells that you will read more about in The Male Reproductive System: Sperm concept. Sertoli cells help protect and nourish developing sperm.
    ::每个睾丸都含有90多米的细小、紧凑的管子,称为半圆形管,它们是睾丸的功能单位,产出精子,睾丸酮是秘密的。图中显示了半圆形管的截面。管子与精子和Sertoli相配。Spermatogonia是产生精子的细胞,在《男性生殖系统:精子概念》中你会更多地读到这些细胞。塞尔托利细胞有助于保护和养活精子。

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    This drawing shows a cross-section of a seminiferous tubule. Spermatogonia line the inside of the tubule, interrupted here and there by Sertoli cells. Spermatocytes, which are produced by spermatogonia, form the next layer of cells. Spermatids, which are produced by spermatocytes, form a third layer of cells.

    In between the seminiferous tubules in the testes are interstitial cells called Cells of Leydig. These cells secrete testosterone. A high concentration of testosterone is necessary for sperm production. Testosterone is also needed throughout a man’s life to maintain his secondary sex characteristics.
    ::在睾丸中半圆形管的中间是称为Leydig细胞的间细胞。这些细胞分泌睾固酮。精子生产需要高浓度的睾固酮。 男人一生中也需要睾固酮来保持他的第二性特征。

    The seminiferous tubules join together to form the epididymis . The epididymis is a coiled tube about 6 meters long lying atop the testes inside the scrotum ( Figure  ). Its functions are to help sperm mature and to store mature sperm until they leave the body.
    ::半圆形管合在一起形成结晶。 结晶管是一条大约6米长的圆筒管,在阴囊( Figure ) 的睾丸上躺着。 它的作用是帮助精子成熟,并储存成熟精子,直到它们离开身体。

    Ducts and Glands
    ::Ducts和Glands

    In addition to these organs, the male reproductive system consists of a series of ducts and glands. These are also shown in Figure  .
    ::除这些器官外,男性生殖系统由一系列管道和腺组成,图6也显示了这一点。

    • Ducts include the vas deferens and ejaculatory ducts. They transport sperm from the epididymis to the urethra in the penis.
      ::阴道包括血管延后和气管,它们将精子从阴茎的表面转移到尿道。
    • Glands include the seminal vesicles , prostate gland , and bulbourethral glands. They secrete substances that become part of semen .
      ::Glands 包括 精液 、 前列腺 、 和 灯泡 的 脑腺 。 它们 隐匿 成为 精液 一部分 的 物质 。

    Semen is the fluid that is ejaculated from the urethra. Semen contains secretions from the glands as well as sperm. The secretions control pH and provide the sperm with nutrients for energy .
    ::精液是从尿道中射出的液体。 精液含有来自腺的分泌物以及精子。 分泌控制pH值, 并为精液提供能量营养素。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • The seminiferous tubules are the functional units of the testes, where sperm are produced and testosterone is secreted.
      ::半肾管是睾丸的功能单位,产生精子和睾丸酮。
    • A high concentration of testosterone is necessary for sperm production. Testosterone is also needed throughout a man’s life to maintain his secondary sex characteristics.
      ::精子生产需要高浓度的睾丸激素,男子的整个生命中也需要高浓度的睾丸激素来保持其第二性特征。
    • Semen is the fluid that is ejaculated from the urethra. Semen contains secretions from the glands as well as sperm.
      ::精液是从尿道中射出的液体。精液含有腺和精子的分泌物。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Where is sperm produced?
      ::精子在哪里生产?
    2. What is the role of the epididymis?
      ::相遇者的作用是什么?
    3. What ducts transport sperm from the epididymis to the urethra?
      ::是什么管道将精子从 突触中运到尿道?