17.79 女性生殖系统发展 -- -- 高级
章节大纲
-
What changes happen during ?
::发生什么变化?A lot changes during this time , including changes to reproductive organs and other physical changes.
::在此期间发生了许多变化,包括生殖器官的改变和其他身体的改变。Sexual Development in Females
::女性的性发育The female reproductive system is a collection of organs and other structures located primarily in the pelvic region. Most of the structures are inside the body. The female reproductive system has several functions:
::女性生殖系统是主要位于骨盆地区的器官和其他机构的集合体,大部分结构在身体内。-
Producing
eggs
, which are female
gametes
.
::产卵的产卵,是雌性色调。 -
Secreting female
sex hormones
.
::隐蔽女性性激素 -
Receiving
during sexual intercourse.
::在性交期间接受。 -
Supporting the
of a
fetus
.
::支持胎儿。 -
Delivering a baby during birth.
::分娩时分娩。 -
Breastfeeding a baby after birth.
::产后母乳喂养婴儿。
During puberty, a girl develops into a sexually mature woman capable of producing eggs and reproducing.
::在青春期,女孩发展成为性成熟的妇女,能够产卵和繁殖。As was discussed previously, the main differences between boys and girls at birth are their reproductive organs. Unlike males, females are not influenced by the male sex testosterone during embryonic and fetal development. This is because they lack a Y- . As a result, females do not develop .
::如前所述,男孩和女孩在出生时的主要差异是生殖器官,与男性不同,女性在胚胎和胎儿发育期间不受男性性睾丸酮的影响,这是因为她们缺乏Y-,因此女性没有发育。Development Before Birth
::出生前发育Unless an embryo is stimulated by testosterone, the reproductive organs develop into female organs such as the ovaries and uterus . By the third month of fetal development, most of the internal female organs have formed. Immature ova , or eggs, also form in the ovaries before birth. Whereas a male produces sperm throughout his lifetime (after puberty), a female produces all the eggs she will ever make before birth.
::除非胚胎受到睾丸酮的刺激,否则生殖器官会发展成雌性器官,如卵巢和子宫;到胎儿发育的第三个月,大多数内脏女性器官已经形成;产卵前的卵子中也存在不成熟的卵子或卵子;男性在一生中(青春期后)生产精子,而女性则生产所有产卵。Like baby boys, baby girls are born with all their reproductive organs present, but immature and unable to function. grow very little during childhood . They begin to grow rapidly and mature during puberty.
::与男婴一样,女婴出生时拥有所有生殖器官,但是不成熟,无法正常工作。童年时成长非常少,在青春期开始迅速成长和成熟。Changes of Puberty
::胚胎变化Recall that puberty is the period during which humans become sexually mature. Puberty in girls differs from puberty in boys in several ways including when it begins, how long it lasts, and the involved. Girls begin puberty a year or two earlier than boys, and they complete puberty in about four years instead of six. In females, the major sex hormone is estrogen (estradiol) rather than testosterone.
::回顾青春期是人类性成熟的时期,女孩的青春期在许多方面不同于男孩的青春期,包括开始时、持续时间和所涉及的方面。女孩开始青春期比男孩早一两年,在大约四年而不是六年内完成青春期。在女性中,主要的性激素是雌激素(雌激素 ) , 而不是睾丸激素。Puberty in girls starts when the hypothalamus in the brain stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete hormones that target the ovaries. The pituitary hormones are luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). These hormones stimulate the ovaries to produce estrogen.
::当脑下脑膜下脑瘤刺激脑垂体腺以隐匿针对卵巢的荷尔蒙时,女孩开始产生神经衰弱。脑下脑荷尔蒙正在润滑荷尔蒙(LH)和卵蛋刺激激尔蒙(FSH ) 。 这些荷尔蒙刺激卵巢产生雌激素。Estrogen has many functions that you will read more about below. During puberty, estrogen promotes growth and other physical changes in females. For example, estrogen stimulates growth of the breasts and uterus. It also stimulates the development of and contributes to the adolescent growth spurt in height. These and several other changes that occur in females during puberty are listed in Table :
::雌激素有许多功能,您将在下文中更多地阅读这些功能。在青春期,雌激素促进女性的成长和其他身体变化。例如,雌激素刺激乳房和子宫的成长。它也刺激青少年发育和推动身高的发育。这些以及青春期女性发生的其他变化见表:Physical Changes in Females During Puberty Changes in Reproductive Organs Ovaries and follicles grow Uterus grows and endometrium thickens Other reproductive structures grow begins Other Physical Changes Breasts develop Long bones grow and mature Pubic hair grows Underarm hair grows Body fat increases Apocrine sweat glands develop Pelvis widens Some of the changes involve the maturation of organs, such as ovaries, that are necessary for . Mature reproductive organs are primary sex characteristics. Other changes, such as growth of pubic hair, lead to traits that are secondary sex characteristics. One of the most significant changes in females during puberty is menarche . Menarche is the beginning of menstruation , or monthly periods, which will be discussed later.
::某些变化涉及生殖器官(如卵巢)的成熟,而这种器官是:自然生殖器官的主要性特征;其他变化,如阴毛的生长,导致具有次要性特征;青春期女性最重要的变化之一是月经;月经是月经的开始,以后将讨论月经。Changes in Females During Puberty. Two obvious changes of puberty in girls are growth and development of the breasts and pubic hair. The stages begin around age 10 and are completed by about age 14.
::怀孕期间女性的变化:女孩青春期的两个明显变化是乳房和阴毛的成长和发育,阶段从10岁开始,到14岁结束。Adolescent Growth Spurt
::青少年增长净化Females go through an adolescent growth spurt in height as boys do. However, the growth spurt in girls starts a year or two earlier and ends about three years sooner. Girls also do not grow as rapidly during their peak growth rate. Although females start their growth spurt only 2 centimeters shorter than males, on average, by the time they stop growing, females are an average of 10 centimeters shorter.
::女性在身高方面经历了与男孩一样的青春期成长,但是,女孩的成长从一年或两年前开始,到大约三年前结束,女孩的成长速度也不及高峰期快,虽然女性的成长速度比男性平均短两厘米,但到停止成长时,女性平均要短10厘米。Timing of Puberty
::肺结核的时机安排The changes of puberty usually happen in the same order for most females. The first observable change is typically the beginning of breast development. This happens by age 10 in the majority of girls in the U.S. The appearance of pubic hair usually occurs next, at age 10.5 on average. The growth spurt in height also usually begins during the first year of puberty. During the first two years of puberty, the ovaries and uterus gradually increase in size. Menarche occurs relatively late in puberty, typically between the ages of 12 and 13 in U.S. girls. After menarche, a female generally keeps growing for another year or two and attains her adult height by an average age of 14.5 years.
::青春期的变化通常对大多数女性来说是相同的。第一个可见的变化通常是乳房发育的开始,这发生在美国大多数女孩的10岁时。阴毛的出现通常在10.5岁时发生,在平均10.5岁时,高度的加速增长通常也从青春期第一年开始。在青春期的头两年,卵巢和子宫的体积逐渐增加。青春期的经期较晚,通常在美国女孩的12至13岁之间。在经期更替后,女性一般会再长一年或两年,达到成人身高,平均年龄为14.5岁。As in males, there is a wide range of ages during which particular changes of female puberty normally occur. For example, menarche may occur as early as age 8 or as late as age 16. Differences in age at menarche and other changes of puberty are due to both genetic factors and environmental factors such as diet. A female who goes through puberty earlier or later than her peers may worry that she is not developing normally. Although such variation is usually normal, she should talk with her health care provider if she has concerns.
::与男性一样,女性青春期通常会发生特殊变化的年龄段范围很广,例如,8岁或16岁时可能出现月经,16岁时可能出现月经,而青春期的其他变化是由于遗传因素和环境因素,如饮食等原因造成的。与同龄人相比早或晚于青春期的妇女可能担心自己发育不正常。虽然这种变化通常是正常的,但如果她有顾虑,她应该与其保健提供者交谈。Summary
::摘要-
Unlike males, females are not influenced by the male sex hormone testosterone during embryonic and fetal development. This is because they lack a Y-chromosome.
::与男性不同,女性在胚胎和胎儿发育期间不受男性性激素睾丸酮的影响,这是因为她们缺乏Y-染色体。 -
Functions of the female reproductive system include producing eggs, secreting female hormones, supporting the development of a fetus, delivering a baby, and breastfeeding.
::女性生殖系统的功能包括产卵、隔离女性荷尔蒙、支持胎儿发育、分娩和母乳喂养。 -
Whereas a male produces sperm throughout his lifetime (after puberty), a female produces all the eggs she will ever make before birth.
::男性在一生中(青春期后)生产精子,而女性则生产所有她出生前所产卵。 -
Girls begin puberty a year or two earlier than boys, and they complete puberty in about four years instead of six. In females, the major sex hormone is estrogen rather than testosterone.
::女孩开始青春期比男孩早一年或两岁,她们大约在四年而不是六年内完成青春期,在女性中,主要的性激素是雌激素,而不是睾丸激素。
Review
::回顾-
What chemicals stimulate the fetus to develop female reproductive organs?
::哪些化学品刺激胎儿发展女性生殖器官? -
When does a female finish producing all of her eggs?
::雌性何时生产完蛋? -
How does puberty start in females?
::青春期是如何从女性入手的? -
Is the growth of armpit hair a primary or secondary sex characteristic?
::毛发的生长是主要性别特征还是次要性别特征?
-
Producing
eggs
, which are female
gametes
.
