章节大纲

  • Chapter Summary
    ::章次摘要

    Exponential and logarithmic functions help model many real-world situations, such as population growth and compounded interest. For example, a small town's population is given by  P ( t ) = 2 , 000 ( 1.5 ) t ,  where t is the number of years since 1950. Populations rarely grow in an unbounded fashion in the long run. The logistic model improves on exponential growth models for real-world application.
    ::指数和对数功能有助于模拟许多现实世界的情况,例如人口增长和复合兴趣。例如,一个小城镇的人口由P(t)=2 000(1.5)t提供,那里的人口是1950年以来的年数。从长远看,人口很少以不受限制的方式增长。后勤模式改进了用于现实世界应用的指数增长模式。

     

     

    Furthermore, nearly all investment accounts use compounded interest, which is determined by the exponential function A ( t ) = p ( 1 + r n ) n t .
    ::此外,几乎所有投资账户都使用由指数函数A(t)=p(1+rn)nt决定的复合利息。

    Using the rules of exponents and properties of logarithms and solving  exponential and logarithmic equations  make it possible to solve  these sorts of problems. 
    ::使用指数规则和对数特性,解决指数式和对数方程,就有可能解决这类问题。

    To solve an exponential equation:
    ::要解析指数方程式 :

    • Isolate the exponential part of the equation. If there are two exponential parts, then rewrite so there is an exponential on each side of the equation. 
      ::分离方程式的指数部分。 如果有两个指数部分, 请重写, 这样方程式的每侧都有指数部分 。
    • Take the logarithm of each side of the equation.
      ::以方程每侧的对数取出方程的对数 。
    • Solve for the variable. 
      ::解决变量。
    • Check your solution. 
      ::检查你的解决方案。

    To solve logarithmic equations, use the following:
    ::要解析对数方程式,请使用以下公式:

    • One-to-one properties:
      •   A = B if and only if  b A = b B  
        ::A=B 如果且仅在 bA=bB 的情况下 A=B
      •   A = B   if and only if  log b A = log b B .

        ::A=B,如果且只有对数bA=logbB,A=B。

      ::一对一属性:A=B,如果且仅在 bA=BA A=B 时才为B,如果且只有在对数bA=logbB的情况下才为B。
    • Rewrite the equation as an exponential equation using  log b x = y b y = x .
      ::使用 logbx=yby=x 将方程式重写为指数方程式 。

     

    Review
    ::回顾

    Try the following cumulative review problems to practice the concepts in this chapter:
    ::尝试下列累积审查问题来实践本章中的概念: