Section outline

  • Introduction
    ::导言

    When given a long list of numbers, it is useful to summarize the data . One way to summarize the data is to give the lowest number, the highest number, and the middle number. In addition to these three numbers, it is also useful to give the of the lower half of the data, and the median of the upper half of the data. These five numbers give a very concise summary of the data.
    ::当给出一个长长的数字列表时, 总结数据是有用的。 总结数据的方法之一是给出最低的数字、 最高的数字和中间数字。 除了这三个数字之外, 给出数据下半部分和数据上半部分的中位值也是有用的。 这五个数字给出了非常简洁的数据摘要。

    lesson content

    What is the five-number summary of the following test scores ?
    ::以下测试分数的五个数字摘要是什么?

     0, 0, 1, 2, 63, 61, 27, 13

    The Five-Number Summary
    ::五数字摘要

    Suppose you have ordered data with m observations. The rank of each observation is shown by its index.
    ::假设您已经用 m 观测来订购数据。 每种观测的级别以其索引显示 。

    y 1 y 2 y 3 y m

    ::y"y"2"y"3" y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"3"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"%"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y"y""y"y""""""y"""""y"""y"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

    In datasets that are large enough, the data can be divided into four equal groups comprising a quarter of the data by three distinct points called  quartiles . These three quartiles are the 1st quartile , Q 1 , the 2nd quartile, Q 2 , and the 3rd quartile,  Q 3 . The 2nd quartile, Q 2 , is defined to be the median of the data. The 1st quartile, Q 1 , is defined to be the median of the lower half of the data, which are all the values less than the value of Q 2 . The 3rd quartile, Q 3 , is similarly defined to be t he median of the upper half of the data, which are all the values  greater than the value of  Q 2 .
    ::在足够大的数据集中,数据可以分为四等分组,其中四分之一的数据由三个不同的点组成,即四分位数。这三个四分位数是第一个四分位数、Q1、2个四分位数、Q2和3个四分位数、Q3。第二个四分位数、Q2的定义是数据中位数。第一个四分位数、Q1的定义是数据中位数,即数据中位数,数据中位数都小于Q2。第三个四分位数(Q3)同样被定义为数据上半位数的中位数,所有值都大于Q2的中位数。

    These three numbers in addition to the minimum and maximum values are the five-number summary. Note there are variations of the five-number summary, which you can study in a statistics course.
    ::除了最低值和最高值外,这三个数字还有五个数字摘要。请注意五个数字摘要的变式,可以在统计课程中学习。

    The following video  explains how to determine the five-number summary of a set of data:  
    ::以下视频解释如何确定一套数据的五号摘要:

     

    Examples
    ::实例

    Example 1
    ::例1

    lesson content

    Calculate the five-number summary for  the ages of grandchildren in a family:  2, 7, 17, 19, 25, 26, 26, 32.
    ::计算一个家庭中孙辈年龄的五数字汇总:2、7、17、19、25、26、26、32。

    Solution:
    ::解决方案 :

    There are 8 observations total.
    ::共有8项观察。

    • Lowest value (minimum) : 2
      ::最低价值(最低):2
    • Q 1 : 7 + 17 2 = 12 (Note this is the median of the first half of the data: 2, 7, 17, 19.)
      ::问题1:7+172=12(注意这是数据前半部分的中位数:2、7、17、19)
    • Q 2 : 19 + 25 2 = 22 (Note this is the median of the full set of data.)
      ::问题2:19+252=22(注意这是全套数据的中位数。 )
    • Q 3 : 26 (Note this is the median of the second half of the data: 25, 26, 26, 32.)
      ::问题3:26 (注意这是数据后半部分的中位数:25、26、26、32。 )
    • Upper value (maximum): 32
      ::上限值(最高):32

    Example 2
    ::例2

    Calculate the five-number summary for the following numbers called during a bingo game:   4, 8, 11, 11, 12, 14, 16, 20, 21, 25.
    ::计算宾果游戏中以下数字的五号摘要: 4、8、11、11、12、14、16、20、21、25。

    Solution:  
    ::解决方案 :

    There are 10 observations total.
    ::共有10次观察。

    • Lowest value (minimum) : 4
      ::最低价值(最低):4
    • Q 1 : 11 (Note this is the median of the first half of the data: 4, 8, 11, 11, 12.)
      ::问题1:11 (注意这是数据前半部分的中位数:4、8、11、11、12)
    • Q 2 : 12 + 14 2 = 13 (Note this is the median of the full set of data.)
      ::问题2:12+142=13(注意这是全套数据的中位数。 )
    • Q 3 : 20 (Note this is the median of the second half of the data: 14, 16, 20, 21, 25.)
      ::问题3:20(注意这是数据后半部分的中位数:14、16、20、21、25)
    • Upper value (maximum): 25
      ::上限值(最高):25

    Example 3
    ::例3

    Calculate the five-number summary for the following data: 3, 7, 10, 14, 19, 19, 23, 27, 29.
    ::计算下列数据的五号摘要:3、7、10、14、19、19、19、23、27、29。

    Solution:
    ::解决方案 :

    There are 9 observations total. To calculate  Q 1 and Q 3 , include the median in both the lower-half and upper-half calculations.
    ::共有9个观测组。要计算 Q1 和 Q3, 请在下半和上半两个计算组中包括中值 。

    • Lowest value (minimum): 3
      ::最低价值(最低):3
    • Q 1 : 10 (This is the median of 3, 7, 10, 14, 19.)
      ::问题1:10(中位数为3、7、10、14、19)。
    • Q 2 : 19
      ::问题2:19
    • Q 3 : 23 (This is the median of 19, 19, 23, 27, 29.)
      ::问题3:23(中位数为19、19、23、27、29)。
    • Upper value (maximum): 29
      ::上限值(最高):29

    Example 4
    ::例4

    Recall the problem  from the Introduction: What is the five-number summary of the following test scores ?
    ::回顾导言中的问题:以下测试分数的5个数字摘要是什么?

     0, 0, 1, 2, 63, 61, 27, 13

    Solution:
    ::解决方案 :

    To calcula te the five-number summary, it helps to order the data.
    ::为了计算五数字摘要,它有助于订购数据。

    0, 0, 1, 2, 13, 27, 61, 63

    • Since there are 8 observations, the median is the average of the 4th and 5th observations: 2 + 13 2 = 7.5
      ::由于有8项观测,中位数是第四和第五次观测的平均值:2+132=7.5。
    • The lowest observation is 0.
      ::最低的观察是0。
    • The highest observation is 63.
      ::最高为63岁。
    • The middle of the lower half is 0 + 1 2 = 0.5
      ::下半部的中间部分是 0+12=0.5
    • The middle of the upper half is 27 + 61 2 = 44 .
      ::上半部的中间部分是27+612=44。

    The five-number summary is 0, 0.5, 7.5, 44, 63.
    ::五号摘要为0、0.5、7.5、44、63。

    Example 5
    ::例5

    C reate a set of data that meets the following five-number summary: {2, 5, 9, 18, 20}.
    ::创建一套数据,满足以下5个数字摘要:{2,5,9,18,20}。

    Solution:
    ::解决方案 :

    Suppose there are 8 data points. The lowest point must be 2, and the highest point must be 20. The middle two points must average to be 9, so they could be 8 and 10. The 2nd and 3rd points must average to be 5, so they could be 4 and 6. The 6th and 7th points need to average to be 18, so they could be 18 and 18. Here is one possible answer:
    ::假设有8个数据点。 最低点必须是2个, 最高点必须是20个。 中间两点必须平均是9个, 所以可能是8个和10个。 中间两点必须平均是5个, 可能是4个和6个。 第6和第7点必须平均是18个, 可能是18个和18个。

    2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 18, 18, 20

    Example 6
    ::例6

    Calculate the five-number summary for the following data: 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15.
    ::计算以下数据的五号摘要:1、1、2、2、3、3、4、4、5、5、5、6、6、7、8、9、10、15。

    Solution:
    ::解决方案 :

    There are 20 observations.
    ::有20条意见。

    • Lower : 1
      ::下级:1
    • Q 1 : 2 + 3 2 = 2.5
      ::问题1:2+32=2.5
    • Q 2 : 4 + 5 2 = 4.5
      ::问题2:4+52=4.5
    • Q 3 : 6 + 7 2 = 6.5
      ::问题3:6+72=6.5
    • Upper: 15
      ::上:15人

    Example 7
    ::例7

    Calculate the five-number summary for the following data:
    ::计算下列数据的五号摘要:

    1, 4, 96, 356, 2557, 9881, 14420, 20100.

    Solution:
    ::解决方案 :

    There are 8 observations.
    ::有8条意见。

    • Lower : 1
      ::下级:1
    • Q 1 : 4 + 96 2 = 50
      ::问题1:4+962=50
    • Q 2 : 356 + 2557 2 = 1456.5
      ::问题2:356+25572=1456.5
    • Q 3 : 9881 + 14420 2 = 12150.5
      ::问题3:9881+144202=12150.5
    • Upper: 20100
      ::上:20100

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • The rank of an observation is the number of observations that are less than or equal to the value of that observation. 
      ::观察的等级是少于或等于观察价值的观察次数。
    • The greatest value in the 1 st quartile is called Q 1 , in the 2nd quartile,  Q 2 ,  and the 3rd quartile,  ( Q 3 ) . The 2nd quartile is also known as the median.
      ::第一四分位数的最大值在第二四位数中称为Q1,在第二四位数中称为Q2,在第三四位数中称为Q3。 第二四位数也称为中位数。

    Review
    ::回顾

    Calculate the five-number summary for each of the following sets of data:
    ::计算下列每组数据的5个数字摘要:


    1. 0.16, 0.08, 0.27, 0.20, 0.22, 0.32, 0.25, 0.18, 0.28, 0.27

    2. 77, 79, 80, 86, 87, 87, 94, 99

    3. 79, 53, 82, 91, 87, 98, 80, 93

    4. 91, 85, 76, 86, 96, 51, 68, 92, 85, 72, 66, 88, 93, 82, 84

    5. 335, 233, 185, 392, 235, 518, 281, 208, 318

    6. 38, 33, 41, 37, 54, 39, 38, 71, 49, 48, 42, 38

    7. 3, 7, 8, 5, 12, 14, 21, 13, 18

    8. 6, 22, 11, 25, 16, 26, 28, 37, 37, 38, 33, 40, 34, 39, 23, 11, 48, 49, 8, 26, 18, 17, 27, 14

    9. 9, 10, 12, 13, 10, 14, 8, 10, 12, 6, 8, 11, 12, 12, 9, 11, 10, 15, 10, 8, 8, 12, 10, 14, 10, 9, 7, 5, 11, 15, 8, 9, 17, 12, 12, 13, 7, 14, 6, 17, 11, 15, 10, 13, 9, 7, 12, 13, 10, 12

    10. 49, 57, 53, 54, 49, 67, 51, 57, 56, 59, 57, 50, 49, 52, 53, 50, 58

    11. 18, 20, 24, 21, 5, 23, 19, 22

    12. 900, 840, 880, 880, 800, 860, 720, 720, 620, 860, 970, 950, 890, 810, 810, 820, 800, 770, 850, 740, 900, 1070, 930, 850, 950, 980, 980, 880, 960, 940, 960, 940, 880, 800, 850, 880, 760, 740, 750, 760, 890, 840, 780, 810, 760, 810, 790, 810, 820, 850

    13. 13, 15, 19, 14, 26, 17, 12, 42, 18

    14. 25, 33, 55, 32, 17, 19, 15, 18, 21

    15. 149, 123, 126, 122, 129, 120

    Review (Answers )
    ::回顾(答复)

    Please see the Appendix.
    ::请参看附录。