18.8海洋食物链
章节大纲
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What's the most unusual life form you could see on Earth?
::地球上最不寻常的生命形式是什么?Some people might disagree. But the most unusual life on Earth could be the strange organisms that live at hydrothermal vents at mid-ocean ridges. These organisms break down chemicals to make food energy . They engage in chemosynthesis . Would you like to see an ecosystem with chemosynthesis at its base?
::有些人可能不同意。但地球上最不寻常的生命可能是生活在洋中脊热液喷口的奇特生物。这些生物分解化学物质以制造食物能量。它们从事化学合成。你希望看到一个以化学合成为基地的生态系统吗?Marine Food Chains
::海洋食物链Pictured below is a marine food chain ( Figure ). Phytoplankton form the base of the food chain. Phytoplankton are the most important primary producers in the ocean. They use sunlight and nutrients to make food by photosynthesis . Small zooplankton consume phytoplankton. Larger organisms eat the small zooplankton. Larger predators eat these consumers. In an unusual relationship, some enormous whales depend on plankton for their food. They filter tremendous amounts of these tiny creatures out of the water .
::下面是海洋食物链(图示)。浮游植物是食物链的基础。浮游植物是海洋中最重要的主要生产者。它们利用阳光和养分以光合作用做食物。小型浮游动物食用浮游植物。大型生物吃小型浮游动物。大型捕食动物食用这些消费者。在一种不同寻常的关系中,一些巨型鲸鱼的食物依赖浮游生物。它们从水中过滤大量的这些小生物。Many marine food chains look like this example.
::许多海洋食物链看起来像这个例子。The bacteria that make food from chemicals are also primary producers. These organisms do not do photosynthesis since there is no light at the vents. They do something called chemosynthesis . They break down chemicals to make food.
::从化学物质中制造食物的细菌也是主要的生产者。这些生物并不做光合作用,因为通风口没有光线。它们做了一种叫做化合用的东西。它们分解化学物质来制造食物。When marine organisms die, decomposers break them down. This returns their nutrients to the water. The nutrients can be used again to make food. Decomposers in the oceans include bacteria and worms. Many live on the ocean floor. Do you know why?
::当海洋生物死亡时, 分解器会分裂它们。 这让它们的营养物返回到水中。 这些营养物可以再次用于制造食物。 海洋中的分解器包括细菌和蠕虫。 许多人生活在洋底上。 你知道为什么吗 ?Summary
::摘要- Photosynthesis is the base of nearly all food chains on Earth. This is true of marine food chains, too.
::光合作用是地球上几乎所有食物链的基础,海洋食物链也是如此。
- In chemosynthesis, organisms break down chemicals to make food energy.
::在化学合成中,生物会分解化学物质,制造食物能量。
- As on land, marine decomposers break down dead organisms. They release nutrients.
::在陆地上,海洋分解器会分解死亡生物,释放养分。
Review
::回顾- Compare and contrast the two types of primary production discussed here.
::比较和比较这里讨论的两种初级生产。
- What is a typical marine food chain like?
::典型的海洋食物链是什么样的?
- What is the role of decomposers in a marine food chain?
::分解者在海洋食物链中的作用是什么?
Explore More
::探索更多Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
::利用以下资源回答以下问题。- Why are fish valuable?
::为什么鱼有价值?
- What are primary producers?
::什么是初级生产者?
- What is chemosynthesis?
::什么是化学合成?
- What is photosynthesis?
::什么是光合作用?
- What are the primary producers of the ocean? Which gas do they use and which do they release into the atmosphere?
::海洋的主要产物是什么?它们使用哪一种气体,释放到大气中?
- Why are the primary producers of the ocean important?
::为什么海洋的主要生产国是重要的?
- Photosynthesis is the base of nearly all food chains on Earth. This is true of marine food chains, too.
