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  • 化石燃料的形成

    A man and a child enjoying a ride in a bumper car.
     

    Where is the energy coming from to power this bumper car?
    ::这辆保险杠车的动力是从哪里来的?

    Bumper cars usually run on electricity. Much of the electricity we use comes from  fossil fuels .  Coal  or other fuels are burned in a power plant. This powers a generator and creates electricity. So the car is probably running on  fossil  fuels!
    ::邦伯汽车通常靠电力运行。我们使用的大部分电力来自化石燃料。煤炭或其他燃料在发电厂中燃烧。这为发电机提供动力并发电。所以汽车可能靠化石燃料运行!

    Formation of Fossil Fuels
    ::化石燃料的形成

    Fossil fuels are made from plants and animals that lived hundreds of millions of years ago. The plants used  energy  from the   to form energy-rich carbon compounds. As the plants and animals died, their remains settled onto the ground and at the bottom of the sea. Layer upon layer of  organic  material was laid down. Eventually, the layers were buried very deeply. They experienced intense  heat  and pressure. Over millions of years, the organic material turned into fossil fuels.
    ::化石燃料来自数亿年前生活的植物和动物,植物利用能源形成能源丰富的碳化合物。随着植物和动物的死,它们的残骸沉积在地下和海底。有机材料层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层,最终,这些层层层层层层层层层层层深埋。它们经历了强烈的热和压力。数百万年来,有机材料变成了化石燃料。

    Fossil fuels are compounds of carbon and hydrogen, called  hydrocarbons  ( Figure  ). 
    ::化石燃料是碳和氢化合物,称为碳氢化合物(图)。

    Molecular structure of methane, consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms.
     
    Hydrocarbons are made of carbon and hydrogen atoms. This molecule with one carbon and four hydrogen atoms is methane.

    Hydrocarbons can be solid, liquid, or gas. The solid form is coal. The liquid form is petroleum, or  crude oil . The gaseous form is  natural gas .
    ::碳氢化合物可以是固体、液体或气体。固体形式是煤。液体形式是石油或原油。气体形式是天然气。

    The   stored in fossil fuels is a rich  source  of energy. But because they take so long to form, they are nonrenewable.
    ::化石燃料的储存是丰富的能源来源。 但是,由于它们形成的时间太长,它们是不可再生的。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Hydrocarbons are molecules made of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
      ::碳氢化合物是由碳和氢原子组成的分子。
    • Ancient living organisms died and were buried quickly. Their remains were altered by intense heat and pressure. This formed fossil fuels.
      ::古代生物死亡后被迅速埋葬,尸体因高温和高压而改变,形成化石燃料。
    • Fossil fuels include solid coal, liquid petroleum, and liquid natural gas.
      ::化石燃料包括固体煤、液态石油和液态天然气。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Why are coal, petroleum, and natural gas called fossil fuels?
      ::为什么煤炭、石油和天然气被称为化石燃料?
    1. How do fossil fuels form?
      ::矿物燃料如何形成?
    1. Where did the energy in a fossil fuel come from originally?
      ::化石燃料的能量从何而来?

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use this resource to answer the questions that follow.
    ::使用此资源回答下面的问题 。

    1. What did fossil fuels form from? When did they form?
      ::化石燃料从何而来?它们从何而来?何时形成?
    1. What was Earth like during this period of time?
      ::在这个时期,地球是什么样的?
    1. What is the source of the fuel?
      ::燃料的来源是什么?
    1. Which four factors affect which type of fossil fuel forms?
      ::哪些四个因素影响哪一种矿物燃料形式?
    1. What leads to coal formation?
      ::什么导致煤炭形成?
    1. What leads to oil formation?
      ::什么导致石油形成?
    1. What is the difference in conditions that lead to the formation of natural gas rather than oil?
      ::导致产生天然气而不是石油的条件有什么不同?
    1. Why are fossil fuels used as energy sources?
      ::为什么化石燃料被用作能源?
    1. What do we use fossil fuels for in terms of energy?
      ::在能源方面,我们用化石燃料做什么?
    1. What else do we use fossil fuels for?
      ::我们还用化石燃料做什么?
    1. Why do geopolitical issues arise regarding fossil fuels? What does this really mean?
      ::为什么在化石燃料方面出现地缘政治问题?这到底意味着什么?
    1. Why are fossil fuels considered non-renewable fuel sources?
      ::为什么化石燃料被视为不可再生的燃料来源?
    1. Why is it harder to get at fossil fuels now?
      ::为什么现在更难获得化石燃料呢?
    1. What does burning fossil fuels do to the environment?
      ::燃烧化石燃料对环境有何影响?