20.6煤电
Section outline
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Where does coal come from?
::煤是哪来的?Would you go to a coal mine? It's not very attractive. We like the benefits of electricity, but coal must be mined. Coal mining can be done by tunneling into a mountain . But if the coal is near the surface, the whole mountaintop may be removed. That's what's been done in this photo.
::你会去煤矿吗?这不怎么吸引人。我们喜欢电,但煤必须开采。煤矿可以通过隧道进入山上进行开采。但如果煤矿靠近地表,整个山顶就会被清除。这就是照片中所做的。Coal
::煤炭Coal is a solid hydrocarbon . Coal is useful as a fuel , especially for generating electricity. Coal is relatively inexpensive and abundant. Developing nations, like China, rely heavily on coal. Around the world, coal is the largest source of energy for electricity.
::煤炭是一种固态碳氢化合物,煤炭作为一种燃料是有用的,特别是用于发电。 煤炭相对便宜而丰富。 像中国一样,发展中国家严重依赖煤炭。 煤炭是全世界最大的电力能源来源。How Coal Forms
::如何煤质形式Coal forms from dead plants that settled at the bottom of swamps millions of years ago ( Figure ). Water and mud in the swamp kept oxygen away from the plant material. Sand and clay settled on top of the decaying plants. The weight of this material squeezed out the water and some other substances. Over time, the organic material became a carbon-rich . This rock is coal.
::几百万年前沉积在沼泽底部的死植物的煤炭形式(图 ) 沼泽中的水和泥土使氧气远离植物材料。 沙土和泥土沉积在腐烂植物之上,这种物质的重量挤压了水和其他物质。 随着时间的推移,有机物质变成了富含碳的物质。 这块岩石是煤炭。The plants in this tropical swamp could one day become coal.
::这个热带沼泽的植物 有一天会变成煤炭Coal has different grades. Bituminous coal forms at lower temperatures. It contains a lot of sulfur. When it is burned, it causes a lot of pollution. Anthracite coal forms under higher temperatures. This drives off the sulfur, and the coal burns more cleanly.
::煤炭的等级不同。 煤炭在较低的温度下形成。 它含有大量的硫磺。 当它被燃烧时, 它会造成大量的污染。 在更高的温度下, 炭酸铁煤的形式也不同。 它会将硫磺驱散, 煤炭燃烧得更干净。What Is Coal?
::煤是什么? 煤吗? What is Coal?Coal is a black or brownish-black rock that burns easily ( Figure ). Most coal is sedimentary rock . The hardest type of coal, anthracite, is a metamorphic rock . That is because it is exposed to higher and pressure as it forms. Coal is mostly carbon, but some other elements can be found in coal, including sulfur. The coal with the least sulfur is the cleanest coal. Anthracite has very little sulfur and so is very desirable.
::煤炭是一种很容易燃烧的黑色或褐色黑岩(图 ) 。 大多数煤炭是沉积岩 。 最难的煤炭是炭炭, 是一种变形岩 。 这是因为煤炭( 炭疽石) 暴露在较高和压力之下。 煤炭大部分是碳, 但其他一些元素可以在煤炭中找到, 包括硫磺。 硫磺最少的煤是最清洁的煤炭。 炭酸铁的硫磺很少, 因此非常可取 。Coal is a solid hydrocarbon formed from decaying plant material over millions of years.
::煤是几百万年来从腐烂的植物材料中形成的固态碳氢化合物。Using Coal
::使用煤炭To prepare coal for use, the coal is first crushed into powder and burned in a furnace. Like other fuels, coal releases most of its energy as heat when it burns. The heat from the burning coal is used to boil water. This makes steam. The steam spins turbines , which creates electricity.
::为了准备煤炭的使用,煤首先粉碎成粉,烧在炉子里。与其他燃料一样,煤炭燃烧时释放的能源大部分是热能。燃烧煤炭的热能用来煮水。这可以蒸汽。蒸汽涡轮机可以产生电。Coal in the USA
::美国的煤炭The United States is rich in coal ( Figure ). Many regions of the country have significant coal deposits.
::美国煤炭丰富(图.),该国许多地区有大量煤矿。United States coal-producing regions in 1996. Orange is highest grade anthracite; red is low volatile bituminous; gray and gray-green is medium to high-volatile bituminous; green is subbituminous; and yellow is the lowest grade lignite.
::1996年,美国煤炭生产区,橙色为最高级炭疽石;红色是低级挥发性沥青;灰色和灰绿色是高挥发性沥青的中度和中度;绿色是次级;黄色是最低级褐煤。Summary
::摘要- Coal is solid fossil fuels formed primarily from ancient swamp plants, especially during the Carboniferous.
::煤是固体化石燃料,主要来自古老的沼泽植物,特别是在碳纤维植物期间。
- Coal is the source of most electricity.
::煤炭是大部分电力的来源。
- Coal that forms at higher temperatures burns more cleanly.
::在高温下形成的煤炭 燃烧得更干净
Review
::回顾- How does coal form?
::煤炭如何形成?
- There are swamps today. Why is coal not considered a renewable resource?
::为什么煤炭不被视为可再生资源?
- Why are there different grades of coal? What is different about them?
::为什么有不同等级的煤炭?它们有什么不同呢?
- How does burning coal make usable energy?
::燃烧煤炭如何产生可用能源?
- Coal is solid fossil fuels formed primarily from ancient swamp plants, especially during the Carboniferous.
