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  • 利用抽样数据估算人口

    Endangered Animals
    ::濒危动物

    A close-up of a chimpanzee's face, highlighting its expressive features and dark fur.
    Chimpanzee

    The lesson discussed how  zoologists use sampling  to learn about animal traits. In addition to learning about animal traits, z oologists use samples to keep track of animal populations. This is an important part of helping animals on the brink of extinction like the chimpanzee.
    ::这一教训讨论了动物学家如何利用采样来了解动物特征。 除了了解动物特征外,动物学家还利用样本来跟踪动物种群。 这是帮助濒临灭绝的动物如黑猩猩的一个重要部分。

    Example
    ::示例示例示例示例

    Kayla is a wildlife biologist in charge of tracking the chimpanzee population . Chimpanzees are native to the forests of Africa. One method for estimating animal populations is samples based on area. The data obtained is then used to estimate populations. Through collecting data using samples,  she knows that there are approximately 172,700 to 299,700 chimpanzees left in the world.
    ::Kayla是野生生物学家,负责跟踪黑猩猩人口。黑猩猩是非洲森林的本地生物。一种估算动物人口的方法就是根据地区进行取样。然后,获得的数据被用于估算人口。通过使用样本收集数据,她知道世界上还剩下大约172,700至299,700黑猩猩。

    Use the interactive below to choose an area of African forest to study.  Then use the number of chimpanzees  in that area to estimate the population in the forest.
    ::利用以下互动方式选择一个非洲森林地区进行研究,然后使用该地区黑猩猩的数量来估计森林人口。

    INTERACTIVE
    Endangered Animals
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    • Click an area of the forest to take a sample of how many chimpanzees are in that area. 
      ::点击森林的某个区域以采集该地区有多少黑猩猩的样本。
    • Press the "Next" button to take a larger sample of three areas.
      ::按下“ 下一步” 按钮以取取三个区域的更大样本 。
    • Press the button to take a different sample.

      ::按下按钮来取不同样本 。
    • Press the "Next" button again to compare these sample estimates with the actual population.
      ::再按下“ 下一步” 按钮, 将这些样本估计值与实际人口进行比较 。
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    Population Estimates 
    ::人口估计数

    Using proportions,  you can apply the traits of a sample to estimate the traits of a population.
    ::使用比例,您可以使用样本的特性来估计人群的特性。

    INTERACTIVE
    Population Estimates
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    • Click on 5 squares and take samples of the number of chimpanzees in the forest in those areas.
      ::点击5个方形,对这些地区森林中的黑猩猩数量进行取样。
    • Press the button to take 5 more samples.
      ::按下按钮再取5个样本
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    Discussion Questions
    ::讨论问题 讨论问题

    1. Based on the mean of the samples, estimate the population of chimpanzees in the forest.
      ::根据样本的平均值,估计森林中黑猩猩的数量。
    2. What is the MAD of your samples and what does it tell you?
      ::你样品的MAD是什么? 它告诉你什么?
    3. Do you think this sample is accurate why or why not? How could you make it more accurate?
      ::你认为这个样本是准确的 原因或原因吗?

    More  Endangered Animals
    ::更濒危动物

    Many endangered animals are difficult to count within an area physically like the Blue Whale. For animals like this, other methods are used to estimate populations. One such method uses the proportion of tagged animals to estimate the population in the area.
    ::许多濒危动物很难在像蓝鲸这样的物理区域内进行计数,对于这类动物,使用其他方法来估计种群,其中一种方法是使用标记动物的比例来估计该地区的种群。

    A tag is a visible or non-visible mark or attachment that identifies an animal. Blue Whales are tagged and released into the wild. Wildlife biologists then examine all the whales that they can find in an area. Tagged and untagged members of the species are counted. The number of whales in this area will give the scientists an estimate of the proportion of animals which are tagged which they can then use to estimate the entire population .
    ::标签是识别动物的可见或看不见的标记或附件。 蓝鲸被贴上标签并放入野外。 野生生物生物学家然后检查他们能在某个区域发现的所有鲸鱼。 计数物种中标记和未标记的鲸鱼数量。 该地区鲸鱼数量将给科学家提供被贴上标签的动物比例的估计值, 然后他们可以用来估计整个种群。

    You can use this equation to help estimate  the number of whales:
    ::您可以使用此方程式来帮助估计鲸鱼数量 :

    average tagged in sample average sample size = total whales tagged total whale population

    ::平均样本体积=鲸鱼总数

    Use the interactive below to select five areas in the ocean to sample for whales, and then apply that data to estimate the number of whales in the ocean.
    ::利用以下互动方式选择海洋中的五个区域作为鲸鱼样本,然后将这些数据用于估计海洋中的鲸鱼数量。

    INTERACTIVE
    More Endangered Animals
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    • Drag the five red points to circle an area of the ocean to sample the number of whales.
      ::拖曳五个红点,以圆绕海洋的一个区域,对鲸鱼数量进行取样。
    • Click the white button to finish taking samples.
      ::单击白色按钮完成样本采集 。
    • In the white boxes, enter the mean and MAD of the number of tagged and untagged whales between your samples.
      ::在白箱中,请输入样品间贴有标签和未贴标签的鲸鱼的平均值和MSD。
    • Enter the estimate of the blue whale population in the ocean into the box when it appears.
      ::当蓝鲸出现时,将海洋中蓝鲸种群的估计数输入框中。
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    Discussion Questions
    ::讨论问题 讨论问题

    1. What is the MAD of your samples and what does it tell you?
      ::你样品的MAD是什么? 它告诉你什么?
    2. The entire population of blue whales is estimated at between 10,000 to 25,000. How could you go about estimating the entire blue whale population using this method?
      ::整个蓝鲸群估计在10 000到25 000之间。 你怎么可以用这个方法来估计整个蓝鲸群?
    3. Do you think this sample is accurate? Why or why not? How could you make it more accurate? 
      ::你认为这个样本是准确的吗?为什么或为什么不是?你怎么能更准确呢?你怎么能更准确呢?
    4. Do you think your estimate represents the entire blue whale population?
      ::你认为你的估计 代表了所有的蓝鲸种群吗?
      Summary
    • The mean of a data set (also known as the average) is the sum of the data values divided by the number of data values in the set.
      ::数据集的平均值(也称为平均值)是数据值除以数据集中数据值数的总和。
    • Use proportions to estimate values about a population.
      ::使用比例估计人口值。