Section outline

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  • 比较人口

    Pollution
    ::污染污染污染

    In this lesson ,  you will be putting together what you know about  measures of center, measures of variability, sampling, and estimating populations to compare  populations.
    ::在这个教训中,你将汇集你所了解的关于中心度量、可变性度量、抽样和估计人口以比较人口等的知识。

    Hailey is an environmental scientist who is doing a three-part study on ways to reduce air pollution.
    ::海莉是一名环境科学家,他正在进行一项三部分研究,研究如何减少空气污染。

    • The first part of her study is to figure out which continents have  the most air pollution. 
      ::她研究的第一部分是找出哪些大陆的空气污染程度最高。
    • T he next part is to figure out which  continents  rely  the most on coal, gas, and oil for energy (air pollution is produced through burning coal, gas, and oil).
      ::下一部分是查明哪些大陆最依赖煤炭、天然气和石油作为能源(空气污染是通过燃烧煤炭、天然气和石油产生的)。
    • The final part of Hailey’s study will involve exploring opportunities for alternative energy sources.
      ::海莉研究的最后一部分将探讨替代能源的机会。

    Use the three parts of Hailey's study to answer the questions at the end of the lesson.
    ::利用海莉研究的三部分 回答课结束时的问题

    Studying Pollution
    ::污染研究

    Air pollution comes from the emission of harmful gases like Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur Dioxide, and ground-level ozone. Hailey wants to determine which parts of the world, by continent, produce the most air pollution. The continents which  she will focus on  are Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Hailey will examine the mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter) for 174 countries.
    ::空气污染来自二氧化碳、二氧化硫和地面臭氧等有害气体的排放。 海利希望按大陆来决定世界哪些地区产生空气污染最多。 她将关注的大陆是非洲、亚洲、欧洲、北美和南美洲。 海利将检查174个国家的年平均接触量(每立方米微微克 ) 。

    Use the interactive below to estimate average pollution in micrograms per cubic meter for each continent. 
    ::使用以下交互数据估计每个大陆每立方米的微微克平均污染。

    INTERACTIVE
    Studying Pollution
    minimize icon
    • Click the button to take 5 random samples from a continent.
      ::单击此按钮从大陆抽取 5 个随机样本 。
    • Using the data given, enter the mean and mean absolute deviation (MAD) into the boxes.
      ::使用所提供的数据,将平均值和绝对偏差(MAD)输入框中。
    • Click the "Next" button to gather data with the rest of the continents.
      ::单击“ 下一步” 按钮以收集其他大陆的数据 。
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    Causes of Pollution  
    ::造成污染的原因

    For the next part of the study, Hailey wants to determine if countries and continents with a greater reliance on coal, oil, and gas as sources of energy will have more air pollution. The data in the interactive below indicates the energy produced from coal, oil, and gas as a percentage of total energy produced.
    ::在研究的下一部分,海利希望确定更多依赖煤炭、石油和天然气作为能源来源的国家和大陆是否会有更多的空气污染。 下面互动中的数据表明煤炭、石油和天然气产生的能源占能源总产量的百分比。

    Use the interactive to determine which continents rely the most on coal, gas, and oil as sources of energy.
    ::利用互动来确定哪些大陆最依赖煤炭、天然气和石油作为能源。

    INTERACTIVE
    Causes of Pollution
    minimize icon
    • Click the button to take 5 random samples from a continent.
      ::单击此按钮从大陆抽取 5 个随机样本 。
    • Using the data given, enter the median and interquartile range (IQR) into the boxes.
      ::使用所提供的数据,在框中输入中位数和孔径范围(IQR)。
    • Click the "Next" button to gather data with the rest of the continents.
      ::单击“ 下一步” 按钮以收集其他大陆的数据 。
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    Exploring Alternative Energy Sources
    ::探索替代能源的替代能源

    For the final part of the study, Hailey will be looking at opportunities for renewable energy. The purpose of this part of the study is to compare the renewable electricity output as a percentage of total electricity output with air pollution. Hailey hypothesizes that areas with lower renewable electricity output will have a higher reliance on coal, gas, and oil and have greater air pollution. If Hailey’s hypothesis is true, she hopes that these areas can lower air pollution by increasing their use of renewable energy.
    ::在研究的最后阶段,海利将研究可再生能源的机会。 这部分研究的目的是将可再生电力产出占总电力产出的百分比与空气污染进行比较。 海利假设可再生能源产出较少的地区将更多地依赖煤炭、天然气和石油,并产生更大的空气污染。 如果海利的假设是真实的,她希望这些地区能够通过增加可再生能源的使用来降低空气污染。

    Use the interactive below to determine whether or not you think this hypothesis is true.
    ::使用下面的互动来确定您是否认为这一假设是真实的。

    INTERACTIVE
    Exploring Alternative Energy Sources
    minimize icon
    • Click the button to take 5 random samples from a continent.
      ::单击此按钮从大陆抽取 5 个随机样本 。
    • Using the data given, enter the median and interquartile range (IQR) into the boxes.
      ::使用所提供的数据,在框中输入中位数和孔径范围(IQR)。
    • Click the "Next" button to gather data with the rest of the continents.
      ::单击“ 下一步” 按钮以收集其他大陆的数据 。
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    Discussion Question
    ::讨论问题

    What alternate energy sources are used in your region? Conduct research and share your findings with your classmates.
    ::在您所在的区域使用哪些替代能源? 开展研究,并与同学分享研究成果。

    What are the results?
    ::结果如何?

    Use the questions below to analyze the data from the study.
    ::利用下面的问题来分析研究中的数据。

    Here you will be comparing the data from all three parts of the study to come to your final conclusion.
    ::这里您将比较研究所有三个部分的数据 以得出最后结论

    Discussion Question
    ::讨论问题

    What data did you use and which was the most important in your results? What did you compare? Was there any data that was not needed? What would you do differently if you were designing this study? Results may vary because the interactives are randomized. 
    ::您使用了哪些数据, 哪些数据在结果中是最重要的? 您比较了哪些数据? 是否有任何数据不需要? 如果您正在设计这项研究, 您会采取什么不同的做法? 结果可能会不同, 因为互动是随机的 。

      Summary
    • When comparing data sets you can compare:
      ::比较数据集时, 您可以比较 :
    • The mean of a data set (also known as the average) is the sum of the data values divided by the number of data values in the set.
      ::数据集的平均值(也称为平均值)是数据值除以数据集中数据值数的总和。
    • The mean absolute deviation (MAD) is the measure of variability that is used to measure how spread out the values in the data set are.
      ::平均绝对偏差(MAD)是用于衡量数据集中数值分布方式的可变性度。
    • The interquartile range (IQR) is the difference between the upper and lower quartiles.
      ::孔径范围(IQR)是上角和下角四分位之间的差。