地球的元素
著名的金属Well-known Metals
- Gold
- Iron
- Silver
- Copper
- Aluminum
- Titanium
- Nickel
- Platinum
- Tin
- Lead
- Mercury
- Lithium
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Calcium
- Cobalt
- Zinc
- Uranium
著名的非金属Well-known Non-metals
所有元素All Element
金属Metals
碱金属Alkali Metals
These are silver-colored, soft, low-density metals that are highly chemically reactive. They are never found in pure form in nature, tarnish easily, and have low melting points and densities. They react readily with the halogens and with water.
碱土金属Alkaline Earth Metals
These are silver colored, soft, low-density metals that react with the halogens (but not as readily as the alkali metals do), and with water (except Beryllium).
稀土金属Rare Earth Metals
The more modern name for these is "inner transition metals". They are highly chemically reactive metals. They catch fire in air very easily, and react with water (which liberates hydrogen from the water). They have higher melting and boiling points than the alkaline earth metals. On the periodic table, these elements are usually kept separate and put right at the bottom, in two rows. This is because the periodic table world be too long, and it wouldn't be able to fit on a piece of paper, if they were put into their proper places.
- Lanthanum (This is also considered a transition metal.)
- Cerium
- Praseodymium
- Neodymium
- Promethium
- Samarium
- Europium
- Gadolinium
- Terbium
- Dysprosium
- Holmium
- Erbium
- Thulium
- Ytterbium
- Lutetium
- Actinium (This is also considered a transition metal.)
- Thorium
- Protactinium
- Uranium
- Neptunium
- Plutonium
- Americium
- Curium
- Berkelium
- Californium
- Einsteinium
- Fermium
- Medelevium
- Nobelium
- Lawrencium
过渡金属Transition Metals
These are the metals in the middle of the periodic table. Some people exclude zinc, cadmium, and mercury from being transition metals (those are the three in the rightmost column of this part of the table), because the rest of the transition metals have more chemical properties in common with each other than they do with those three. Still, the transition metals have less in common than most other groups of elements in the table do.
- Scandium
- Titanium
- Vanadium
- Chromium
- Manganese
- Iron
- Cobalt
- Nickel
- Copper
- Zinc (Some people don't count this as a transition metal.)
- Yttrium
- Zirconium
- Niobium
- Molybdenum
- Technetium
- Ruthenium
- Rhodium
- Palladium
- Silver
- Cadmium (Some people don't count this as a transition metal.)
- Lanthanum (This is also considered a rare earth metal.)
- Hafnium
- Tantalum
- Tungsten
- Rhenium
- Osmium
- Iridium
- Platinum
- Gold
- Mercury (Some people don't count this as a transition metal.)
- Actinium (This is also considered a rare earth metal.)
- Rutherfordium
- Dubnium
- Seaborgium
- Bohrium
- Hassium
- Copernicium
其他金属Other Metals
类金属Metalloids
These have properties of both metals and non-metals.
非金属Non-metals
惰性气体Noble Gases
At ordinary temperatures and pressures, these are all odorless, colorless gases that are relatively difficult to involve in chemical reactions.
卤素Halogens
The halogens are highly chemically reactive, so that in sufficient quantities they can be harmful or lethal to living things. Several of them are used as disinfectants.
其他非金属矿产Other Non-metals
新发现的元素Newly discovered elements
Some elements were discovered recently, or are too radioactive for scientists to know which type of element they are. Because of this, their place in the periodic table is only temporary and might change if scientists learn more about them.