3.19 美国常用计量系统

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  美国常用计量系统

  

  [Figure 1]

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  Elliot is making granola to take on a camping trip with his family. The recipe he is using calls for  $\begin{array}{r}\frac{1}{4}\end{array}$   cup  of honey. Elliot looks everywhere but he can't find the  $\begin{array}{r}\frac{1}{4}\end{array}$  cup measuring cup. He does have a tablespoon measuring spoon and wonders if he can use that to measure out his  $\begin{array}{r}\frac{1}{4}\end{array}$  cup of honey. How can Elliot figure out how many tablespoons are in  $\begin{array}{r}\frac{1}{4}\end{array}$  cup?
  ::埃利奥特正在做麦当劳 和家人一起野营旅行。 他使用的食谱是14杯蜂蜜。 艾略特到处看,但他找不到14杯量杯。 他确实有一个计量勺子的桌球, 不知道他能否用它来测量14杯蜂蜜。 艾略特如何知道14杯中有多少桌球?

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  In this concept, you will learn to convert between common customary units of measure.
  ::在这个概念中,你将学会将共同习惯计量单位转换为不同的计量单位。

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  Converting Between Customary Units of Measure
  ::习惯计量单位之间的转换

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  The  customary system  of measurement  is the system of measurement primarily used in the United States. The customary system includes units of  length , mass, and  capacity . It also includes some units of capacity that are mostly used in cooking.
  ::习惯测量系统是主要在美国使用的测量系统,包括长度、质量和容量等单位,还包括主要用于烹饪的一些能力单位。

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  The tables below show some of the most common U.S. customary units and how they are related.
  ::下表显示了一些最常见的美国习惯单位及其相互关系。

  U.S.  Customary Units of Length

  inch (in)

  foot  (ft) = 12  inches

  yard  (yd) = 3 feet

  mile  (mi) = 5,280 feet

  U.S. Customary Units of Mass 

  ounce (oz)

  pound (lb) = 16  ounces

  U.S. Customary Units of Capacity

  fluidounce (oz)

  cup (c) = 8 ounces

  pint  (pt) = 2 cups = 16 ounces

  quart  (qt) = 4 cups = 32 ounces

  gallon  (gal) = 4 quarts

  U.S. Customary Units of Capacity Used in Cooking

  teaspoon (tsp)

  tablespoon (tbsp) = 3 teaspoons

  cup (c) = 16 tablespoons

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  Unlike with the  metric system , there is not a consistent way that U.S. customary units relate to one another. For example, there are 12 inches in a foot, but only 3 feet in a yard. This means you will need to remember how the different units are related or consult tables such as the ones above.
  ::与公制体系不同,美国习惯单位之间没有一致的联系方式。 比如,一英尺有12英寸,但院子里只有3英尺。 这意味着您需要记住不同单位之间的关系,或者参考上面的表格。

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  You will often need to convert between different U.S. customary units. To move between different U.S. customary units of length, mass, and capacity, you will multiply or divide by a conversion factor.
  ::您通常需要在不同的美国习惯单位之间转换。 要在不同的美国习惯单位之间的长度、质量和容量之间移动, 您需要乘以或除以一个转换系数。

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  • Any time you are going from a smaller unit of measure to a larger unit of measure you will need to divide by the conversion factor.
    ::从一个较小的计量单位到一个较大的计量单位的任何时候,你都需要除以转换系数。
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  • Any time you are going from a larger unit of measure to a smaller unit of measure you will need to multiply by the conversion factor.
    ::任何从较大的计量单位到较小的计量单位的时间,你都需要乘以转换系数。

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  Here is an example.
  ::举一个例子。

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  $\begin{array}{r}6\text{feet}=\underset{\_}{}\text{yards}\end{array}$
  ::6英尺=_码

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  First, notice that feet are smaller than yards. You are moving from a smaller unit of measure to a larger unit of measure. This means you will need to divide.
  ::首先,请注意脚小于院子。您正在从一个较小的计量单位移动到一个更大的计量单位。这意味着您需要分割。

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  Next, determine your conversion factor. You are dealing with feet and yards. There are 3 feet in a yard, so your conversion factor is 3.
  ::下一个决定您的转换系数。 您处理的是脚和院子。 院子里有3英尺, 所以您的转换系数是3。

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  Now, divide. Take the given number of feet and divide by 3.
  ::现在,分裂。用给定的脚数乘以3,再除以3。

  $$\begin{array}{r}6÷3=2\end{array}$$

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  Because 3 feet make 1 yard and you have 6 feet, you have 2 yards.
  ::因为3英尺能造一个院子 而你有6英尺 你只有2码

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  The answer is  $\begin{array}{r}6\text{feet}=2\text{yards}\end{array}$ .
  ::答案是6英尺=2码

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  Here is another example.
  ::下面是另一个例子。

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  $\begin{array}{r}2\text{tablespoons}=\underset{\_}{}\text{teaspoons}\end{array}$  
  ::2个汤匙=_茶匙

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  First, notice that tablespoons are larger than teaspoons. You are moving from a larger unit of measure to a smaller unit of measure. This means you will need to multiply.
  ::首先,请注意, 汤匙大于茶匙。 您正在从一个较大的计量单位移动到一个较小的计量单位。 这意味着您需要乘法 。

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  Next, determine your conversion factor. You are dealing with tablespoons and teaspoons. There are 3 teaspoons in a tablespoon, so your conversion factor is 3.
  ::下一步, 确定您的转换系数。 您正在处理 potons 和 teaspoons 。 在 poon 里有 3 个 teaspoons, 所以您的转换系数是 3 。

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  Now, multiply. Take the given number of tablespoons and multiply by 3.
  ::现在, 乘。 取给定的桌桌数, 乘以 3 。

  $$\begin{array}{r}2\times 3=6\end{array}$$

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  Because there are 3 teaspoons in each tablespoon and you have 2 tablespoons, you have 6 teaspoons.
  ::因为每张桌垫里有3个茶匙 而你有2个,6个茶匙

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  The answer is  $\begin{array}{r}2\text{tablespoons}=6\text{teaspoons}\end{array}$ .
  ::答案是2个汤匙 = 6个茶匙

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  Examples
  ::实例

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  Example 1
  ::例1

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  Earlier, you were given a problem about Elliot and his granola.
  ::早些时候,你得到一个问题 关于艾略特和他的粮仓。

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  He needs  $\begin{array}{r}\frac{1}{4}\end{array}$  cup of honey for his granola recipe, but he can't find the  $\begin{array}{r}\frac{1}{4}\end{array}$  cup measuring cup. He does have a tablespoon measuring spoon and wants to figure out how to use that to measure out  $\begin{array}{r}\frac{1}{4}\end{array}$  cup.
  ::他需要14杯蜂蜜来配他的麦片配方,但他找不到14杯量的杯子。他确实有一个计量勺子的桌球,想弄清楚如何用它来测量14杯。

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  First, Elliot should note that cups are larger than tablespoons. This means he will need to multiply.
  ::首先,艾略特应该注意到杯子比汤匙大,这意味着他需要成倍增长。

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  Next, he should determine his conversion factor. There are 16 tablespoons in a cup, so his conversion factor is 16.
  ::接下来,他应该决定他的转换系数。杯子里有16个汤匙,所以他的转换系数是16。

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  Now, Elliot can multiply. He should take the  $\begin{array}{r}\frac{1}{4}\end{array}$  cup and multiply by 16. 
  ::艾略特可以乘以14杯 乘以16

  $$\begin{array}{r}\frac{1}{4}\times 16=\frac{16}{4}=4\end{array}$$

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  There are 4 tablespoons in  $\begin{array}{r}\frac{1}{4}\end{array}$  cup.
  ::14个杯子里有4个汤匙

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  The answer is Elliot should measure out 4 tablespoons of honey in order to have  $\begin{array}{r}\frac{1}{4}\end{array}$  cup of honey.
  ::答案是艾略特应该测量出四片蜂蜜 以获得十四杯蜂蜜

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  Example 2
  ::例2

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  How many fluid ounces are there in 1 gallon?
  ::1加仑里有多少液态盎司?

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  First, notice that the table does not show a direct relationship between ounces and gallons. However, it does say that a gallon is 4 quarts and a quart is 32 ounces. You can do the conversion in two steps. First, convert 1 gallon to quarts.
  ::首先,请注意表格没有显示盎司和加仑之间的直接关系。 但是, 它确实说加仑为4夸特, 夸特为32盎司。 您可以分两步转换。 首先, 将1加仑转换为夸特 。

  $$\begin{array}{r}1\text{gallon}=4\text{quarts}\end{array}$$

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  Next, convert 4 quarts to ounces. Quarts are larger than ounces. You are moving from a larger unit of measure to a smaller unit of measure. This means you will need to multiply.
  ::下一步, 将 4 夸特转换为 盎司 。 quarts 大于 盎司 。 您正在从一个较大的度量单位移动到一个较小的度量单位 。 这意味着您需要乘以 。

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  Now, determine your conversion factor. There are 32 ounces in a quart, so your conversion factor is 32.
  ::现在,确定你的转换系数。一个夸特有32盎司,所以你的转换系数是32。

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  Finally, multiply. Take the number of quarts and multiply by 32. 
  ::最后,乘以 。 以 quarts 数乘32 乘以32 。

  $$\begin{array}{r}4\times 32=128\end{array}$$

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  Because there are 4 quarts in 1 gallon and 32 ounces in each quart, you have 128 ounces.
  ::因为每夸特有4夸特1加仑和32盎司, 你每夸特有128盎司。

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  The answer is there are 128 fluid ounces in a gallon.
  ::答案是加仑里有128盎司液体

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  Example 3
  ::例3

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  $\begin{array}{r}12\text{pounds}=\underset{\_}{}\text{ounces}\end{array}$
  ::12磅=_盎司

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  First, notice that  pounds  are larger than ounces. You are moving from a larger unit of measure to a smaller unit of measure. This means you will need to multiply.
  ::首先请注意, 磅大于盎司。 您正在从一个较大的计量单位移动到一个较小的计量单位。 这意味着您需要乘法 。

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  Next, determine your conversion factor. You are dealing with pounds and ounces. There are 16 ounces in a pound, so your conversion factor is 16.
  ::下一个决定您的转换系数。 您处理的是磅和盎司。 每磅有16盎司, 所以您的转换系数是 16。

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  Now, multiply. Take the given number of pounds and multiply by 16. 
  ::乘以给定的磅数乘以16

  $$\begin{array}{r}12\times 16=192\end{array}$$

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  Because there are 16 ounces in each pound and you have 12 pounds, you have 192 ounces.
  ::因为每磅有16盎司 12磅,192盎司

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  The answer is  $\begin{array}{r}12\text{pounds}=192\text{ounces}\end{array}$ .
  ::答案是12磅=192盎司

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  Example 4
  ::例4

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  $\begin{array}{r}6\text{yards}=\underset{\_}{}\text{feet}\end{array}$
  ::6码=_英尺

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  First, notice that yards are larger than feet. You are moving from a larger unit of measure to a smaller unit of measure. This means you will need to multiply.
  ::首先,请注意,船坞大于脚。您正在从一个较大的测量单位移动到一个较小的测量单位。这意味着您需要乘法。

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  Next, determine your conversion factor. You are dealing with yards and feet. There are 3 feet in a yard, so your conversion factor is 3.
  ::下一步,决定您的转换系数。 您处理的是院子和脚。 院子里有三英尺, 所以您的转换系数是三英尺。

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  Now, multiply. Take the given number of yards and multiply by 3.
  ::现在,乘以。拿给定的码数乘以3。

  $$\begin{array}{r}6\times 3=18\end{array}$$

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  Because there are 3 feet in each yard and you have 6 yards, you have 18 feet.
  ::因为每个院子有3英尺 你只有6码 你只有18英尺

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  The answer is  $\begin{array}{r}6\text{yards}=18\text{feet}\end{array}$ .
  ::答案是6码=18英尺

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  Example 5
  ::例5

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  $\begin{array}{r}48\text{inches}=\underset{\_}{}\text{feet}\end{array}$
  ::48英寸=_英尺

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  First, notice that inches are smaller than feet. You are moving from a smaller unit of measure to a larger unit of measure. This means you will need to divide.
  ::首先,请注意,英寸小于脚。你正在从一个较小的计量单位移动到一个更大的计量单位。这意味着你将需要分割。

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  Next, determine your conversion factor. You are dealing with inches and feet. There are 12 inches in a foot, so your conversion factor is 12.
  ::下一步, 确定您的转换系数。 您处理的是英寸和英尺。 一英尺有12英寸, 所以您的转换系数是12英寸。

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  Now, divide. Take the given number of inches and divide by 12. 
  ::将给定的英寸数除以12

  $$\begin{array}{r}48÷12=4\end{array}$$

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  Because 12 inches make 1 foot and you have 48 inches, you have 4 feet.
  ::因为12英寸长1英尺,48英寸长,4英尺长。

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  The answer is  $\begin{array}{r}48\text{inches}=4\text{feet}\end{array}$ .
  ::答案是48英寸=4英尺

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  Review
  ::回顾

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  Fill in the blank with the equivalent measurement.
  ::填空时填充等量测量。

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  1. $\begin{array}{r}6\text{pints}=\underset{\_}{}\text{quarts}\end{array}$  
     ::6品脱=_夸脱
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  2. $\begin{array}{r}2\text{cups}=\underset{\_}{}\text{tablespoons}\end{array}$  
     ::2杯=_汤匙
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  3. $\begin{array}{r}3\frac{1}{2}\text{pounds}=\underset{\_}{}\text{ounces}\end{array}$  
     ::3 2 磅 = _ 盎司
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  4. $\begin{array}{r}\frac{1}{2}\text{mile}=\underset{\_}{}\text{feet}\end{array}$  
     ::1 2英里=_英尺
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  5. $\begin{array}{r}56\text{ounces}=\underset{\_}{}\text{pounds}\end{array}$  
     ::56盎司=_磅
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  6. $\begin{array}{r}24\text{inches}=\underset{\_}{}\text{feet}\end{array}$  
     ::24英寸 = _英尺
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  7. $\begin{array}{r}5\frac{1}{2}\text{feet}=\underset{\_}{}\text{inches}\end{array}$  
     ::5 1 2 英尺 = _ 英寸
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  8. $\begin{array}{r}\frac{1}{2}\text{pound}=\underset{\_}{}\text{ounces}\end{array}$  
     ::1 2 磅 = _ 盎司

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  Fill in the blanks with the equivalent measurements for 3 yards.
  ::填空三码的空格

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  9. $\begin{array}{r}\underset{\_}{}\text{inches}\end{array}$  
     ::英寸 _ 英寸
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  10. $\begin{array}{r}\underset{\_}{}\text{feet}\end{array}$  
      ::_英尺

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  Fill in the blanks with the equivalent measurements for 4 cups.
  ::填满空白,对4个杯子进行等量测量。

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  11. $\begin{array}{r}\underset{\_}{}\text{tablespoons}\end{array}$  
      ::_ 汤匙
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  12. $\begin{array}{r}\underset{\_}{}\text{teaspoons}\end{array}$  
      ::_ 茶匙
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  13. $\begin{array}{r}\underset{\_}{}\text{pounds}\end{array}$  
      ::_英镑
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  14. $\begin{array}{r}\underset{\_}{}\text{ounces}\end{array}$  
      ::_ 盎司
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  15. $\begin{array}{r}\underset{\_}{}\text{pints}\end{array}$  
      ::品脱(_品脱)

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  Review (Answers)
  ::回顾(答复)

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  Click   to see the answer key or go to the Table of Contents and click on the Answer Key under the 'Other Versions' option.
  ::单击可查看答题键, 或转到目录中, 单击“ 其他版本” 选项下的答题键 。

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  Resources
  ::资源